The Manawatū Journal of History

Article titles from the The Manawatū Journal of History indexed by author surname.

Article titles from the The Manawatū Journal of History indexed by issue date.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 4 A farmhouse becomes famous / Margaret Tate

p. 9 I learnt from the nuns a study of music teaching offered by the Sisters of Mercy in Palmerston North / Graham Parsons

p. 25 The Alwyn Physical Culture Club: 'Yours for health and happiness' / Joy Cullen

p. 23 Accomplishments and other educational advantages: private schools in the 19th century Palmerston North and Feilding / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 32 A place of birds: Ohakea Airbase / Paul Gibson

p. 40 Women who wanted the vote: Palmerston North and the petition for the franchise - Noeline Penny

p. 48 On the frontier: the 1871 small farm settlement of Sanson / Dale Bailey

p. 55 Douglas Hastings Macarther: a man of probity and worth / Cathy Clarke

p. 63 A Palmerston North childhood 1926-1939 - Mervyn Hancock / interviewed by Margaret Tennant

p. 69 The promise of work and a new life: the story of the Bielskis of Rangiwahia / Fay Bagnato

Notable lives:-

p. 77 John Bevan Ford, 1930-2005

p. 79 A record of rail: Stan Jenkins

p. 80 Research repositories / compiled by Noelene Wevell

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 4 Pete the Pedler: remembered by many / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 8 'A desire for the beautiful' the Manawatū Arts and Crafts Club 1911-1932 / Margaret Tate

p. 16 Local identities organised the first rugby game in New Zealand / Clive Akers

p. 19 A Palmerston North childhood 1926-1939 / Mervyn Hancock interviewed by Margaret Tennant

p. 26 William Wescombe Corpe: 'father of the butter industry' / Catherine Birch

p. 34 Sister Ellen Iris Schaw: army sister and farmer / Richard Rawstron

p. 36 How things were: growing up in Palmerston North 1912-1929 - Donald Perrin / as told to his daughter Carol Markwell

p. 42 Miranui: a gracious Edwardian house in Russel Street / Brian Mather

p. 47 Henry Hickford of Rongotea / Paul Hickford

p. 54 'Massey seems to be in his blood': Sir Alan Stewart and the development of University education in Palmerston North / Lucy Marsden

p. 63 Heritage Park, Kimbolton: scion of Massey Agricultural College / Gregor Yeates

p. 69 Gravel pits of Palmerston North / Garry O'Neill

p. 74 From occasional to organised: team sports in Palmerston North at the beginning of the twentieth century / Geoff Watson

p. 80 Where are the lads? / Request for information

p. 81 Māori information resources at Massey University Library / Spencer Lilly

p. 83 See real history - take your visitors to these Manawatū museums

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 "Cleared to Land," early days of aviation in Palmerston North / Graham Parsons

p. 15 Design for living: the Savage Crescent conservation area / Margaret Tate

p. 25 Atawhai / Patricia Keiller

p. 35 Charles Louis Pemberton & the Pemberton village / Donald G. Irvine

p. 45 The city watchdog: Pat Kelliher, the man and his passions / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 54 Keith Westhead Thomson: weaving the strands / Lucy Marsden

p. 64 A life in photography / Ivan Mandahl as told to Betty Williamson (part two)

p. 70 Prophet not without honour: Guthrie Wilson of Palmerston North / Malcolm Prentis

p. 79 Teaching NCEA history / Dominic King

Local notes:-

Feilding & districts community archive / Marilyn Wightman

p. 82 Te Manawa / Steven Fox

p. 82 Update on the Bridle Track / Noelene R. Wevell

Book reviews:-

p. 83 "Entertaining the Manawatu: The Manawatu Savage Club's century of achievement" by Noel Watts / reviewed by Noelene R. Wevell

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 Refuge for thousands: the role of Manawatu after the Hawke's Bay earthquake / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 14 James Baxter Fleck / Alice Hunt-O'Keefe

p. 23 A forgotten hero / Margaret Tate

p. 33 Roy Alstan Lippincott and his Massey Agricultural College buildings / Lucy Marsden

p. 43 Henry Billens: a pioneer Palmerston North photographer / Hewitt Billens

p. 50 Totara Reserve: a window into Manawatu's environmental history / Catherine Knight

p. 59 In her one hundredth year: Jane Mary (Molly) Atkinson / Morva Croxson

p. 69 The community catalyst / Andrew N. Watson

Retrieving history:-

p. 76 The Palmerston North sculpture trust: Cityscape

p. 78 The Coach House Museum: the Guy Gallery

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 Spending a penny public rest rooms for women in Palmerston North and Feilding / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 17 Veteran curator: Charles Hirtzel and the Manawatu Philosophical Society museum / Fiona McKergow

p. 23 Olga Marie Monrad: Danish pioneer, mother and wife / Lise Toenner

p. 33 Researching the history of a house: a glimpse of early Feilding / Cushla Scrivens

p. 40 The Choral Societies of Palmerston North / Graham Parsons

p. 49 A post office preserved / Margaret Tate

p. 57 A life in photography - Ivan Mandahl / as told to Betty Williamson

p. 63 The Palmerston North squash club: the golden years / Grant Smith

p. 70 Request for information: the bridle track / Noelene Wevell

Book reviews:-

p. 72 "Monro: the life and times of the man who gave New Zealand rugby" by Clive Akers / reviewed by Lucy Marsden

p. 74 "We see what you mean... a history of St Dominic's School for deaf children and the Catholic Deaf Ministry in New Zealand" by Dorothy Pilkington / reviewed by Kathy Broadly

p. 75 "Terrace End: the story of Palmerston North's first suburb" by Garry O'Neill / reviewed by James Watson

Notable lives:-

p. 78 Brian Mather: teacher and historian

p. 79 David James (Jim) Lundy

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Guest editorial /Dorothy Pilkington

p. 5 Through the shop window: Claude Dixon's original and artistic retail displays / Fiona McKergow

p. 13 Connections: The Russells of Wharerata and their origins / Lucy Marsden

p. 20 Women at work at the Manawatu Knitting mills / Jill White

p. 30 The Romney King: Ernest Short and Parorangi / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 42 Doctor John Batten Smith: doctor, coroner & registrar of Foxton / Faith Green

p. 45 Geoff Watchhorn Palmerston North sportsman / Brian Mather & Margaret Weir

p. 53 Memories of Tiritea schooldays between the wars / Kathy Love

p. 59 Promoting science and technology over a century: the Manawatu branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand / Gregor Yates

Essay:-

p. 67 If stones could speak / Margaret Tate Request for information:-

p. 70 The battlefield nurse from Levin and other New Zealanders in the Spanish Civil War / Mark Derby

p. 74 Book reviews

p. 78 Manawatu historical societies

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 Peanuts or beef? A walking challenge / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 11 Manawatū's First World War camps, 1914-1919 / Tim Shoebridge

p. 22 Heirs of Rochdale: the Manawatū Co-operative Society and its founders / Margaret Tate p. 30 An early Manawatū surveyor: Charles Adnam Mountfort / Marilyn Wightman

p. 35 'No imitations more exact and pleasing': wax flowers under glass / Fiona McKergow

p. 41 A sound investment: Sir James Prendergast and his Fitzherbert estate / Lucy Marsden

p. 48 Signs of the times part two: naming Feilding's streets 1879-1894 / Dorothy Pilkington p. 58 Samuel Jickell: an engineer for the future / Donald G. Irvine

p. 67 William & Collingwood, 'Servant of the Borough' / Dawn Isles

p. 74 Canvas adds comfort: tenting in early Manawatū / Lesley Courtney

p. 76 Palmerston North Heritage Trust Prize for Year 13 History for 2012: the Māori Battalion Memorial Centre / Nicholas Rowell.

Book review:-

p. 83 "Hokowhitu" by Garry O'Neill / reviewed by Cushla Scrivens

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 Girls, girls... Miss Victoria McKenzie at FAHS / Cushla Scrivens

p. 13 The Catholic Māori Church at Kai Iwi pā / Eljon Fitzgerald & Maureen Lawton

p. 22 Strippers, tubbers & scutchers: life and work in the Manawatū flax mills / Margaret Tate

p. 32 The houses of 'Concrete George' / Noelene R. Wevell

p. 39 Heart of the University: the Massey University library / Lucy Marsden

p. 50 'Everyone is the artificer of his own fortune': Falconer Larkworthy and the Carnarvon and Moutoa estates / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 61 A notable life, Grahame John Guy (1927-2010) / Brian Hunter

p. 68 Milk skimming stations of the Manawatū / H. H. (Bert) Hammond

p. 71 Protecting our history: the time capsule at the Palmerston Police Station / Ray Carter

Museum news:-

p. 74 Te Manawa: "Manawatū Journeys"

Book reviews:-

p. 76 "Plains' science: inventions, innovations and discoveries from the Manawatū -1" / reviewed by Jill White

p. 77 "Ulster enterprise and public service in New Zealand and Victoria, 1864-1920" / reviewed by James Watson

p. 78 "And all shall be well: the life of Bertha Zurcher" / reviewed by Dorothy Alexander

p. 80 "The Mather papers: Rangitikei Street" / reviewed by Cushla Scrivens

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 A story of music, rumour, and war in Feilding / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 11 Anders Hansen Ihle Palmerston North pioneer / Joan Barnes

p. 20 A journalist in World War One: the man who created 'ANZAC' / Marilyn Wightman

p. 27 A pioneering principal: Massey's Sir Geoffrey Peren / Lucy Marsden

p. 38 It's all in the name: German heritage in the First World War / Heather Glasgow

p. 43 The Polish refugee children: Allan Hughes, Jan Jarka and the bond that remained / Barbara Scivens

p. 52 Alexander McDonald: the man who shot the horse at Awahuri / Richard Mildon

p. 64 A leading light for the blind / Margaret Tate

Book reviews:-

p. 73 "Signs of the times. The naming of the streets of Feilding" by Dorothy Pilkington / reviewed by Margaret Tennant

p. 74 "Communities remember World War One: memorials of the Manawatu district" compiled by Peter Olsen and Janet Boyle / reviewed by James Watson

p. 75 "Ravaged beauty. An environmental history of the Manawatu" by Catherine Knight / reviewed by Russell Poole

p. 77 "Plains science 2: inventions, innovations and discoveries from the Manawatu" edited by V E Neall / reviewed by Jill White

p. 78 "Bainesse. Celebrating 100 years of rural and community education" edited and compiled by Gillian Absolon / reviewed by Cushla Scrivens

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Guest editorial / Margaret Tennant

p. 5 'Taonui School' joins in the Queen Victoria diamond jubilee celebrations / Jill White

p. 8 Smut, satire and hairy fairies: Massey University student capping revues / Lucy Marsden

p. 20 Following the leash coursing in the Manawatu 1882-1907 as seen through the press and public opinion / Richard Mildon

p. 29 Signs of the times: the naming of the streets of Feilding / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 39 Bolstered by wool: J. C. Young of Hodder & Tolley Ltd. / Gregor Yeates

p. 49 John Cotter Esq: a man of his time / Jill White

p. 59 Miss Harper and Miss Harper: two very different lives / Dorothy Pilkington

Book reviews:-

p. 75 "Bishop Monrad in Aotearoa" / reviewed by Margaret Tate

p. 77 "Playing on: a history of the Manawatu Youth Orchestra and Manawatu Sinfonia 1987-2011" / reviewed by Jenny Boyack

p. 78 "Te Hao Nui The Great Catch: Object Stories from Te Manawa" / reviewed by David Butts

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Russell Poole

p. 5 Serving the people: work and life at Palmerston North's premier department store / Simon Johnson

p. 17 Awapuni Medical Corps camp and 'the scourge' of 1918 / Leanne Croon Hickman

p. 29 The Methodist Church and the early development of Palmerston North / Jill White

p. 41 My five favourite historic places / Cindy Lilburn

p. 44 Manawatu Embroiderers' Guild, 1969-2019 / Fiona McKergow

p. 55 But who was Rangi Kawauw? /Dorothy Pilkington

p. 64 First World War centenary commemorations in Palmerston North / Joe Hollander and Russel Poole

Notes on resources for local history:-

p. 73 Online cumulative table of contents for the 'Manawatū Journal of History' / Russell Poole

p. 74 Resources for the military and defence history of Palmerston North and region / Joe Hollander

p. 76 Photographs from the collection of the late Lachlan Scott / Russell Poole

Book Review:-

p.77 Wildbore: a photographic legacy by Catherine Knight / Reviewed by Simon Johnson

Palmerston North Heritage Trust Citations:-

p.79 Cindy Lilburn (2018) / Margaret Tennant

p.80 Tina White (2018) / Margaret Tennant

p.80 Clive Akers (2019) / Geoff Watson

p. 81 Special citation for Manawatū Heritage and supporting staff (2019) / Margaret Tennant

p. 82 Palmerston North Heritage Trust 'Best Article' Award (2018) / Margaret Tennant

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Russell Poole

p. 4 School milk, health camps and 'Gunn's Gospel of Grub' / Margaret Tennant

p. 13 'This lovely home'. An account of 'Brabourne', 149 Monmouth Street, Feilding / Gerry Barton

p. 26 Stepping out of the shadows. Lorna Hodder's quest for a vocation / Tim Shoebridge

p. 38 Peter Black, City Curator and father of the Esplanade, 1908 to 1946 / Michael Roche

p. 48 Excursions and excavations. The Palmerston North Polynesian Group / Tony Rasmussen

p. 56 Richard Leary and his legacy. 125 years of pharmacy in Palmerston North / Leanne Croon Hickman

p. 67 Hatches, matches & dispatches. From the diaries of Feilding florist Patricia Mason / Marilyn Wightman

p. 74 Smokefree genesis? Building Palmerston North's first smokefree bylaw / Peter Ridge

Notes:-

p. 83 Local history week presentation / Geoff Watson

Correction:-

p. 83 Jill White: G. H. Bennett

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Russell Poole

p. 5 Mrs (Dr) Martin tracing Margery Martin, the wife of Dr Arthur Anderson Martin / Leanne Croon Hickman

p. 14 Fragments of a year in the life of a Palmerston North business /Jill White

p. 22 A growing legacy: the contribution of the Mason family to New Zealand horticulture / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 31 Six minutes walk to the Square: the story of one city block / Lucy Marsden

p. 42 Women's organisations in the Manawatū / Heather Glasgow

p. 46 Time to speak: breaking the silence on the Shannon military defaulters' camps and their aftermath / Margaret Tate

p. 53 The Elwood mayoralty 1971-1985: reflections from oral histories / Margaret Tennant

p. 62 University Avenue: giving shape to Massey University campus / Louis Changuion

p. 70 'The second frontier of education': community-based preschool provision in the Manawatū 1939-1979 / Kerry Bethell

Notes:-

p. 80 Manawatu Standard photograph collection gifted to the city / Lesley Courtney

p. 82 New additions to the Dairy Records Archive, Massey University / Norah Mosen

p. 84 Notes on contributors

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial: Cushla Scrivens

p. 5 Flea-houses and picture palaces: cinema life before the Downtown multiplex / Pauline Knuckey

p. 14 Motorists: look before you peep: the fall and rise of Feilding's town clock / Simon Johnson

p. 22 How Palmerston North missed the tram / James Watson

p. 33 Bachelors' Balls / Marilyn Wightman

p. 40 More than meets the eye: costumes in the Manawatū / Heather Glasgow

p. 42 Our boys: Feilding's first contingent in the First World War / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 49 'Enthusiastic, talented people': fifty years of drama at Massey University / Lucy Marsden

p. 61 Akela Collins and the West End boys: a 1940s-1950s Palmerston North Cub pack / Helen Dollery

p. 69 The rise and fall of the Manawatu Sports Association 1894-1900 / Geoff Watson

Book reviews:-

p. 77 "Early medical practitioners in the Manawatu and Palmerston North" / reviewed by James Watson

p. 78 "Beyond the state: New Zealand state houses from modest to modern" - reviewed by David Chapple

Book notes:-

p. 79 "Palmerston North pioneer: John Richter: from Norway to New Zealand"

p. 79 "Scoundrels and scallywags"

p. 79 "Power: electrical supply to the Manawatu"

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Russell Poole

p. 5 'Whose river is it anyway? Recreation on the Manawatū.' / Jill White

p. 15 'The story of a schoolbag: going to school in the First World War.' / Kerry Bethell & Cushla Scrivens

p. 23 'A new lease on life: the strengthening and refurbishment of Massey University's Sir Geoffrey Peren building.' / Louis Changuion

p. 33 '"Kowhai Day. Something about the flower": the story of Feilding's emblem.' / Marilyn Wightman:

p. 40 Clear artistry: a brief look at the history and uses of shop windows in Palmerston North.' / Heather Glasgow

p. 44 'Grand men of the road: the early decades of the Automobile Association in the Manawatū.' / Sue Ford

p. 53 'The New Zealand Army Staff College at Massey Agricultural College during the Second World War.' / John Moremon

p. 62 ' A mecca for children: the history of the Palmerston North Municipal Baths.' / Val Mills

Book reviews:-

p. 71 "From Empire's Servant to Global Citizen. A history of Massey University" by Michael Belgrave / reviewed by Lucy Marsden

p. 73 "Down at the Baths" by Val Mills / reviewed by Geoff Watson

Notes:-

P. 75 Newly discovered portraits of Alexander McDonald / Richard Mildon

p. 76 New information on the Shannon military defaulter camps

p. 77 Citation for Lucy Marsden / Margaret Tennant

p. 78 Notes on contributors

p. 79 Invitation to new authors

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.

Contents:

p. 3 Editorial / Margaret Tennant

p. 5 To bridge or not to bridge...? / Jill White

p. 17 Money for my boy: the story of Katherine Wilson's will / Dorothy Pilkington

p. 25 The final battle / Simon Johnson

p. 35 An indeterminate sentence: the Shannon objector camps 1942-1946 / Margaret Tate

p. 48 'Young maids in England never behaved thus!' life at the Craven School for Girls (1892-1929) / Heather Glasgow

p. 52 Platinum fever in the Fitzherbert hills / Russel Poole

p. 64 The end of the road: the early years of the Awapuni home / Margaret Tennant

Book reviews:-

p. 74 "Horses 'n' wagons: adventures of Oroua Teamsters 1997-2004" by Maurice Watt / reviewed by Lucy Marsden

p. 76 "War stories: memories of the residents of Feilding" edited by Bobbie Nicholls and Ruth Dalzell / reviewed by Russel Poole

Notes:-

p. 77 A new history of Palmerston North / Margaret Tennant

Obituary:-

p. 78 Mervyn Wilkinson ('Merv') Hancock 1926-2016 / Margaret Tennant

Correction:-

p.80 Dorothy Pilkington

The Manawatu Journal of History contains articles on the history of the wider Manawatu area, written by a variety of contributors. The Journal is published annually. Conditions of use: This journal is made available for personal use, study and research and all articles remain copyrighted to their original authors. For permission to reuse or publish please contact: The Editor, Manawatu Journal Associates, PO Box 1702, Palmerston North 4440.