Name: Te Hirawanui

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The drive is named in honour of Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna (c. 1808-1883). Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna was ariki (hereditary high chief) of the hapū (kinship group) Ngāti Mutuahi, Te Rangiaranaki and Ngāti Hauiti of Rangitāne. December 2022.

The aerial map is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna is variously associated with the Pā of Te Motu a Potua, Raukawa, Mokomoko and Ruahine in Manawatū, and, Tahoraiti and Otawhao in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua (Tararua District).

Portrait of Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna held at Alexander Turnbull Library

He coordinated and signed the deed of sale of Te Ahu a Tūranga land block, in which Whakarongo is located. To learn more about Whakarongo, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana.

When his sister Whakarongo was abducted, he took her children Te Paea and Wirihana Kaimokopuna as whāngai (to foster and nuture) and raised them as his own.

The following history is told by Ngaruma (Ruma) Karaitiana, Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna’s great-great-grandson.

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna lived through tumultuous times in his later life, with the invasions lead by Te Rauparaha, and the first European contact in the Manawatū.

He is recorded as having fought in the battle at Waiorua, on Kāpiti Island in 1824, where an alliance of some nine iwi (extended kinship group) were defeated by Te Rauparaha’s forces. This led to Ngāti Toa and their allied iwi to fully establish themselves in the lower North Island.

Te Hirawanui was residing at Te Motu a Potua and Raukawa at the time of early European contact. He is recorded as hosting the adventurer Jack Duff there in 1840, when he paddled up the Manawatū River from Foxton and through Te Āpiti gorge. This visit was soon followed by Frederick Hunt, from the New Zealand Company, who was prospecting land sales around Foxton.

Te Hirawanui also hosted William Colenso in 1846, while living at Otawhao. It is believed that he may have been baptised on this visit and took the name Te Hirawanui Karaitiana.

In the 1850’s, land sales between government agents and iwi took place in the province, and there were a series of disputes around ownership between iwi and hapu.

In 1858 Te Hirawanui attended a hui of seven iwi hosted by Nepia Taratoa and Ihakara Tukumaru, debating the ownership of the Manawatū. This ended in Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Tehihi and Ngāti Makatere formally acknowledging Rangitāne as holding the mana of the Manawatū, specifically the block of land known as Te Ahu a Tūranga. Further, they recognised Te Hirawanui as the only Rangatira of Rangitāne with the status to negotiate its long-term future.

Governor Thomas Gore Browne was keen to pursue a purchase of Te Ahu a Tūranga. Rangatira Nepia Taratoa urged Te Hirawanui to enter into negotiations with Donald McLean, the Land Purchase Commissioner, who had commenced purchase of the Rangitikei Block.

Te Ahu a Tūranga block extended from just north of present day Tokomaru to the head-waters of the Oroua River, bounded to the east by the Tararua and Ruahine Ranges, and to the west by the Oroua River to just above Feilding, then cutting a line just west of the Taonui Stream and across the Manawatū River.

McLean wanted to negotiate using a rough sketch of the block as a guide to the area under discussion. However, Te Hirawanui told the Crown agent that:

“... before the land could be sold that it must be surveyed all around the Boundaries and then paid for at the rate of 30/- per acre - that [the] land was of immense extent and that it should not be sold in the dark.”

Te Hirawanui understood that the Crown had already promised to have the land surveyed before sale.

Te Hirawanui having signalled the willingness to enter a sale agreement, once surveyed, met with surveyor John Tiffin Stewart in October 1858 and hosted him at Ruahine/Te Motu a Potua Pā. Te Hirawanui took Stewart to the clearing called Papaiōea and recommended it as the site for a township. Te Hirawanui and Stewart had a friendly relationship and Te Hirawanui accompanied the survey party on many excursions.

The friendly relationship did not continue into the negotiations with Donald McLean. The relationship quickly became rancorous and Te Hirawanui became concerned about the outcomes for iwi in other concluded sale processes.

The Crown refused to negotiate a per acre price for the land, seeking instead to negotiate on a lump sum basis. Negotiations for the sale broke down by late 1859, after Te Hirawanui rejected Crown offers of first £5,000 and then £6,000 for the block.

In April 1862, the Governor authorised the superintendent of the Wellington Provincial Council to purchase land on behalf of the Crown. In 1863, the Crown resumed negotiations. Te Hirawanui’s son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, and Hoani Meihana Te Rangiotū joined Te Hirawanui to negotiate and, despite reservations, the deed of sale was signed on 23 July 1864, transferring approximately 250,000 acres to the Crown. More than 150 Rangitāne signed the deed.

The purchase price of £12,000 was paid to Rangitāne on 19 August 1864.

To learn more about the sale read these Back Issues articles, An anniversary with meaning for Manawatū by Toi Warbrick, and The trio who oversaw a momentous land sale by Virginia and Warren Warbrick.

Te Hirawanui was later asked to negotiate in the sale of the Tapere nui a Whatonga block in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua/Wairarapa, also known as ‘Seventy Mile Bush’. However, soured by his experience, he refused and offered his son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, in his stead.

Wirihana’s battles with MacLean continued and are recorded in multiple letters from him to MacLean and to Parliament. However, in 1871 along with multiple kaumatua (including his cousins, Karaitiana Takamoana and Karaitiana Te Korou) Wirihana signed the deed of sale.

In 1878, when Christianity largely saw a more settled Aotearoa, and at the age of 70, Te Hirawanui set his energies on a different matter. In the early 1820s Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna’s sister, Whakarongo, was captured by Te Amio-Whenua expedition at Te Ruru Pā near Ngāwapūrua.

Whakarongo was a niece and whāngai of Te Aokautere. She was daughter of Te Aokautere’s sister, Koa, and her husband Pakahuruhuru (the great-grand-son of Rangiaranaki).

Te Aokautere raised her as whāngai at Te Kuripaka pā and is said to have doted on her. He was generally blamed for cultivating her feisty, independent nature. She was also noted as being a great beauty. Whakarongo is believed to have fought in battle alongside Te Aokautere and her brothers, Te Wharepuni and Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna, at least once.

Whakarongo and a party, including Tukere, her second husband, were returning to Manawatū from the battle at Te Horehore Pā in Takapau. Most of the pā in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua had been abandoned and the people retreated to Te Ahu Tūranga. It was believed that Tukere had been badly injured at Te Horehore and was unable to travel any further, so they made a stand at Te Ruru on the Manawatū river near Kumeroa and Ngāwapūrua.

A taua of Ngāti Kahungunu, allied to Ngāti Whatua and led by Puhara and Te Hapuku, ran them down. It is understood that Whakarongo fought in both battles (at Te Horehore and Te Ruru). Everyone in the group at Te Ruru were killed except a woman called Wiramina, and Whakarongo. Because of her rank, moko kauae and demeanor, Whakarongo was not killed, but captured, and taken to Kaipara where she married a chief of Te Uri-o-Hau branch of Ngāti Whatua and had another family.

And so, in the late 1870s, Te Hirawanui made an epic journey cross country to Kaipara and sucessfully negotiated for his sister's return.

He brought her back to Manawatū and she spent most of her remaining years at Raukawakawa Pā.

For someone with such a tumultuous life, Whakarongo lived to old age spending her last years at Tahoraiti Pā in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua being cared for by her son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, and his wife Rora. She is buried at Tahoraiti urupā with her son.

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna died in 1883 after living a somewhat reclusive and disillusioned lifestyle at Raukawakawa. The pā was noted at that time to be lightly occupied and being largely eroded by the Manawatū River.

Map showing part of the area bought by the Government to open up the interior of the lower North Island. It follows the course of the Manawatū and Oroua Rivers. "The main part of this map is traced from one drawn by Mr G L Adkin in Nov. 1956 based on a half-scale copy (dated 1860) of J T Stewart's 2 inches to 1 mile survey of 1859. Additional names and data are from other maps by J T Stewart and from other sources. Additional pa sites have been added from a rough map drawn by the Hon. Mr W. Moffat. As the latter was not to scale these sites may be out of their true position and have been marked thus + for reference. A. E (?) Williams. August 1961"

Name: Taonui

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

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Taonui Street is named for the Taonui Swamp. While the literal meaning is "big spear" or "big catch," it is a metaphor for an abundance of kai (food) and resources.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

The Taonui Basin lies between the Manawatū and Oroua rivers in Kairanga, on the Manawatū Plains. The plains are an ancient sea bed. Earth movement over millions of years shaped the sea bed into domes running roughly parallel with the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges. This, in turn, determined the way in which the Manawatū and Oroua rivers meandered.

The meandering of the rivers, particularly from Opiki to the sea, created lagoons and basins that became separate from the main flow when the rivers changed paths. In times of high rainfall, the Manawatū and Oroua rivers would overflow and the water, full of silty alluvium, became trapped in the basins, forming swamps. Taonui Swamp was among the largest of these.

Semi-swamp forest formed on the low lying land surrounding the swamp. It was dominated by Aotearoa New Zealand’s tallest native tree, kahikatea (white pine), and pukatea (Laurelia novae-zelandiae). Within the swamp was harakeke (flax) and raupō (Typha orientalis). The Taonui swamp had a plentiful supply of tuna (eels). The site was a major and important source of kai (food) and resources for Rangitāne and Ngāti Kauwhata.

The sale of Te Ahu a Tūranga Block, first offered to the government by Rangitāne rangatira, Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna, in 1858, was finalised in 1864. Payment was made to Rangitāne, Ngāti Kauwhata and Ngāti Tumokai. To learn more about Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna, take a look at Te Hirawanui Drive. To learn more about the sale, read these Back Issues articles, An anniversary with meaning for Manawatū by Toi Warbrick, and The trio who oversaw a momentous land sale by Virginia and Warren Warbrick. In 1867 the first sections were being sold in Karere.

When a survey of the Kairanga block was completed by Mr Thomas M Drummond in 1878, drainage was implemented. The land block adjoined the Taonui Swamp, which remained in Māori ownership. Kairanga County land sales were made in 1881.

Where Māori viewed the swamp with opportunities and benefits, settlers saw challenges. European farmers set about clearing vegetation and swamp forest in order to introduce paddocks of crops and livestock. This act of clearing resulted in higher incidence of flooding, the centre basin was open to water up to three quarters of the year. Finding drainage particularly difficult to maintain in winter, farmers also carried out their own drainage systems.

The deep drain originally cut through the centre of the block, joined up with the Te Puke Stream and emptied into the Taonui Swamp. It was after 1894, when the Manawatū Drainage Board straightened and deepened the main drainage outlets, that Taonui Swamp began to empty. As it emptied, harakeke and blackberry, the latter introduced by settlers, encroached. Eventually the food species completely disappeared and the forest almost followed.

There are two remnants of the semi-swamp forest today, Buchanan’s Bush (now Clausen’s) and Sutherland’s Bush. The forest that used to entirely surround the Taonui Basin can never be fully regenerated, as drainage has lowered the water table irreversibly. When the Clausen family purchased their dairy farm in 1979, they recognised the significance of the forest remnant. They fenced the 5-acre area of bush and spent a great deal of time and energy towards enabling the forest to regenerate and become healthy.

Sources

Heagney, G. (2023, September 11). With a name comes a kaupapa: The history of Māori names of significance in Feilding. Stuff NZ.
      https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/300966028/with-a-name-comes-a-kaupapa-the-history-of-maori-names-of-significance-in-feilding

Knight, C. (2018). Ravaged beauty (2nd ed.). Totara Press.

History

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Taonui Street was the first subdivision in the town, with the northern end (Featherston Street end) D.P.1, surveyed in 1872. The owner of this section, 301, was Mr WHW Haines. Through an oversight it was not dedicated until 1951. The southern end (Cuba Street end) D.P.16, was surveyed in 1874, being section 302, owner not stated. In 1878, twenty-eight chains (chain = 66 feet/20.12 metres) of the street was metalled.

Taonui Street was one of the first streets to have a continuous row of dwellings. By 1878 there were seven houses on the northern end and six on the southern.

In March of 1880, an application was made by Taonui Street ratepayers to have work done in a street leading on to Rangitikei Line. Likely Cuba or Featherstone Street (later called Featherston Street). The council agreed that if ratepayers carried out the work, they’d be reinstated once the borough had commensurate funds.

Meanwhile, on Taonui Street, there was a problem with water accumulating due to a depression in the lie of the land. This was reported to the Borough Council in May of 1881. By August, a plan was made to reform and regrade the road and footpaths. However, the works weren’t immediately carried out as Borough Engineer, Mr Edward John Armstrong, was experiencing challenges in response to tenders. It wasn’t until November of 1884 that water tables were made in the street, and stagnant water removed. Surface water was to remain an issue.

In August of 1883, councillor Walker proposed that owners of unfenced sections in Taonui Street receive notice to fence. Councillor Ferguson seconded the motion.

In the early 1880s the area around Taonui Street was known as the 'fashionable quarter' and had the nickname, "New Chum Town." Early residents certainly went on to become movers and shakers in the community. Over time the street lost its prestige. Taonui Street later acquired the name "Soapsuds Alley," because of the narrowness of the street and all the clotheslines strung up there.

The narrowness of Taonui Street was discussed regularly. In September of 1917, the council officially stated that the width of Taonui Street would not meet future requirements. Section 117 of the Public Works Act gave the council power to set frontages back to an appropriate distance. Almost a decade later, in April 1927, the council decided not to apply the Public Works Act to Taonui Street. As an alternative, consideration was given to compensating owners who were asked to set back their frontage.

The widening of Taonui Street was eventually carried out in the early 1960s, and a stormwater sump unit installed.

Residents made the council aware of problems or opportunities arising from businesses operating in, or nearby the street. In February of 1886, for example, councillor Snelson presented a petition from residents complaining of night soil contractors keeping their carts in the vicinity of houses.

In October of 1888, Messrs Stevens and Gorton extended their sale yards along Cuba Street, between Rangitikei to Taonui Street. In May 1901, residents requested that a lamp be erected in Taonui Street in vicinity of the sale yards. The following month the Lighting Committee recommended that the lamp in question be changed to an incandescent one. More worrying, was damage caused by livestock.

The tarring and sanding of footpaths had just been completed, when, in February of 1905, herds of horses driven down the street, tore up the new walkways. Apart from regular upkeep, which continued over the years, there wasn’t a solution. Taonui Street remained a recommended stock route.

By October of 1906 the main waterworks were completed, allowing Taonui Street residents to be connected. Two years later, all premises on Taonui Street were connected to the sewer.

From c. 1910 old houses in the street increasingly came under scrutiny. As the earliest residential street in Palmerston North, Taonui Street contained the oldest houses, some becoming increasingly derelict. Decisions were made in the ensuing years on whether such dwellings should be condemned and demolished.

This cottage, formerly 23 Taonui Street, was one of the earliest homes still standing in 1979. On its section was a 40-year-old pine which was recommended for inclusion in the city’s tree register. The cottage was on the City Council’s register of historic buildings. It was dismantled in 1980, by carpenter Mr Graham Norman, who planned to reconstruct the building in James Line. Mr Roy Mudgeway chopped down the pine before it was officially protected as one of the city’s notable trees.

In 1913 there was talk, initiated by a special committee appointed by the Borough Council, of changing the name from Taonui Street to Nelson Street. There was discussion in the Manawatū Standard on preservation of local Māori names, versus honouring the overseas hero of Trafalger. The local Māori name endured.

May of 1930 saw the street excavated to a new formation level, and metalled. A welcome move in reducing surface water. In March of 1933 the street was tar-sealed, which went a long way to mitigating the dust output from the previous metalled roadway.

Early residents, business, organisations and clubs included

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For a comprehensive history of the street's development, businesses, and who lived there, take a look at the lecture notes of Brian Mather and supplementary material from the Palmerston North Historical Society, circa.
2006.

Renumbering

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The addresses on Taonui Street were renumbered between 1936 and 1939. See p.258 and p.259 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Built Heritage Inventory

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• The Palmerston North Working Men's Club, 1928 - the main entry was on Cuba Street with the lounge bar and some other spaces on Taonui Street. This building later became the Cosmopolitan Club, 95-103 Taonui Street.

This image was likely taken by Frank Goldingham for Photorama pictorial magazine’s June 1960 edition but was not published.

Caption: “Part of the large crowd of interested spectators who cast an approving eye over the dolls on display at Milne and Choyce over the school holidays. This was the largest display of dolls to be assembled in New Zealand.”

This image was likely taken by Frank Goldingham for Photorama pictorial magazine and was published in the June 1960 edition.

Caption: “Part of the large crowd of interested spectators who cast an approving eye over the dolls on display at Milne and Choyce over the school holidays. This was the largest display of dolls to be assembled in New Zealand.”

“The musical doll in the centre is over 100 years old. No, the one on the left is not a doll but a spectator who was more interested in our cameraman than the dolls.”

This image was likely taken by Frank Goldingham for Photorama pictorial magazine and was published in the June 1960 edition.

Caption: “Part of the large crowd of interested spectators who cast an approving eye over the dolls on display at Milne and Choyce over the school holidays. This was the largest display of dolls to be assembled in New Zealand.”

“’I wish I had that one.’ This might easily have been the thoughts of the girl and the many others who saw the doll show.”

This image was likely taken by Frank Goldingham for Photorama pictorial magazine and was published in the June 1960 edition.

Caption: “Part of the large crowd of interested spectators who cast an approving eye over the dolls on display at Milne and Choyce over the school holidays. This was the largest display of dolls to be assembled in New Zealand.”

This image was likely taken by Frank Goldingham for Photorama pictorial magazine and was published in the June 1960 edition.

Caption: “Part of the large crowd of interested spectators who cast an approving eye over the dolls on display at Milne and Choyce over the school holidays. This was the largest display of dolls to be assembled in New Zealand.”

“The opening ceremony by the Mayor, Mr G. M. Rennie. On the right is Mrs Rennie who was one of the judges along with Lady Levy and Miss Mavis Mortland.”

This image was taken for a story and photo feature that ran in The Manawatu Evening Standard on Monday 8th October 1984. "Fun run fans fired up."

Around 2000 people competed in the Evening Standard Palmerston North Joggers Club annual run for fun, including Palmerston North's Gail James who completed the 10.6km course with Roger Dahlberg in 43m 20s.

Proceeds from the entry fees and sponsorship for the charity event went to the Heart Foundation's Manawatu branch and the YMCA.

This image was taken for a story and photo feature that ran in The Manawatu Evening Standard on Monday 8th October 1984. "Fun run fans fired up."

Around 2000 people competed in the event in either the short 3km or the full 10.6km course, including 120 army cadets from Waiouru. Proceeds from the entry fees and sponsorship for the charity event went to the Heart Foundation's Manawatu branch and the YMCA.

"Super harriers Peter Wriggley and Gary Kapluggin must be the keenest, or the maddest, runers in the Manawatu. The pair cleaned up at the "Evening Standard" - Palmerston North Joggers Club annual run for fun yesterday shortly after completing a 23km warm-up trot around the Mangahou Dam block."

Short event results:
1st: Gary Kappluggin
2nd: Martin Wilson
3rd: Darryl Cotton (12 years old)
4th: Neville Strong (Ross Intermediate teacher and last years winner)
5th: Lawrence Dittmer.

Long event results:
1st: Peter Wrigley
2nd: John Mudgway (Bush Harriers)
3rd: Brian Holmwood
4th: Victor Wong (Ashhurst)

These images were taken (but not used) for a story and photo feature that ran in The Manawatu Evening Standard on Monday 8th October 1984. "Fun run fans fired up."

"Super harriers Peter Wrigley and Gary Kapluggin must be the keenest, or the maddest, runners in the Manawatu. The pair cleaned up at the "Evening Standard" - Palmerston North Joggers Club annual run for fun yesterday shortly after completing a 23km warm-up trot around the Mangahou Dam block."

"Wrigley, winner of the Hawke's Bay marathon in August and the Ashhurst club's senior title on Saturday, was the first across the line in the 10.6km event in 34m 4s, while Kapluggin streeted the 3km field in 9m 52s."

Around 2000 people competed in the event in either the short 3km or the full 10.6km course, including 120 army cadets from Waiouru.

Proceeds from the entry fees and sponsorship for the charity event went to the Heart Foundation's Manawatu branch and the YMCA.

Short event:
1st: Gary Kappluggin
2nd: Martin Wilson
3rd: Darryl Cotton (12 years old)
4th: Neville Strong (Ross Intermediate teacher and last years winner)
5th: Lawrence Dittmer.

Long event:
1st: Peter Wrigley
2nd: John Mudgway (Bush Harriers)
3rd: Brian Holmwood
4th: Victor Wong (Ashhurst)

Best dogs:
Radar (Spaniel, handled by Sharon Sullivan)
Purdy (German Shepherd, handled by John Sapwell)
Bobby (Keeshond, handled by Heather Pain)
Shuska (Samoyed, handled by Chris Whakatope)
Sheba (Alsation, handled by Wayne Schwamm)
Bess (Labrador cross, handled by Bonnie Dewart)

This image was taken for a story and photo feature that ran in The Manawatu Evening Standard on Monday 8th October 1984. "Fun run fans fired up."

Around 2000 people competed in the Evening Standard Palmerston North Joggers Club annual run for fun in either the short 3km or the full 10.6km course. Proceeds from the entry fees and sponsorship for the charity event went to the Heart Foundation's Manawatu branch and the YMCA.

"Super harriers Peter Wriggley and Gary Kapluggin must be the keenest, or the maddest, runers in the Manawatu. The pair cleaned up at the "Evening Standard" - Palmerston North Joggers Club annual run for fun yesterday shortly after completing a 23km warm-up trot around the Mangahou Dam block."

Short event results:
1st: Gary Kappluggin
2nd: Martin Wilson
3rd: Darryl Cotton (12 years old)
4th: Neville Strong (Ross Intermediate teacher and last years winner)
5th: Lawrence Dittmer.

Long event results:
1st: Peter Wrigley
2nd: John Mudgway (Bush Harriers)
3rd: Brian Holmwood
4th: Victor Wong (Ashhurst)

This image was taken for a story and photo feature that ran in The Manawatu Evening Standard on Monday 8th October 1984. "Fun run fans fired up."

"An impressive sight at the start were the number of eager canine entrants straining at the leash....Top dog, however, was Radar the five-year-old spaniel handled by Sharon Sullivan, of Palmerston North. After coming second last year, and undergoing an intensive training run last month, he was the quickest four-legged entrant in the 10.6km event, looking as fit and fresh at the finish as he was at the start."

Around 2000 people competed in the event in either the short 3km or the full 10.6km course, including 120 army cadets from Waiouru. Proceeds from the entry fees and sponsorship for the charity event went to the Heart Foundation's Manawatu branch and the YMCA.

Best dogs:
Radar (Spaniel, handled by Sharon Sullivan)
Purdy (German Shepherd, handled by John Sapwell)
Bobby (Keeshond, handled by Heather Pain)
Shuska (Samoyed, handled by Chris Whakatope)
Sheba (Alsation, handled by Wayne Schwamm)
Bess (Labrador cross, handled by Bonnie Dewart)

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

This image was taken for Photorama pictorial magazine and was published in the July 1960 edition.

Caption: “In the news: Mr and Mrs A. J. Bradley and family on the occasion of their golden Wedding anniversary.”

This image was taken for Photorama pictorial magazine’s July 1960 edition but was not published.

Caption: “In the news: Mr and Mrs A. J. Bradley and family on the occasion of their golden Wedding anniversary.”

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.

These images are part of the Frank Goldingham collection and were possibly taken for Photorama pictorial magazine in the third quarter of 1960. Selections may have been published in an edition not currently held by the Ian Matheson City Archives.