David Street, Name and History

Name: David

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

This street is believed to be named after Mr David Joseph Nathan (1858-1920), sometimes described as the father of the dairying industry. Mr DJ Nathan may have also been the road contractor who put it through in 1875. At the time he was working for his father, Mr Joseph Edward Nathan, who certainly responded to tenders for town road works in the 1870s. Mr JE Nathan, was one of the largest landowners in the Manawatū.

In February of 1883, a letter from Joseph Nathan and Co., the family business, was read at the Palmerston Borough Council meeting, requesting the forming of David Street, with a cheque for £25.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

Mr David Joseph Nathan was born in Wellington on 30th of August, 1858, where he spent his school years and attended Wellington College. The eldest son, he then joined his father’s business, Joseph Nathan and Company Ltd., managing The Ready Money Store in Te Marae o Hine the Square, Palmerston North. By 1883 Mr D Nathan was supervising the management of various branches of the family firm in the Manawatū district. He would eventually become managing director of the company and remain so until his death.

He married in 1886 to Miss Miriam ‘Minnie’ Jonas, daughter of Mr Hyam Jonas of London. They had four children together, Hilda Rebecca b.1888, Joseph Edward b.1889, Kathleen Madge b.1891 and Aileen Ida b.1895.

The first successful shipment of frozen meat from Aotearoa New Zealand to Britain was made aboard the sailing ship Dunedin in 1882. In the 1890s, advances in technology meant that ocean-going steamers had been fitted with refrigerating machinery. Mr Nathan could see the possibilities for trade.

He contacted owners of dairy cows in the region proposing they establish creameries and gave farmers a price to encourage production. Those who started creameries quickly gained success, but questioned Mr Nathan’s earnings in the enterprise. Mr Nathan offered to sell creameries at a reasonable rate of commission, his firm acting as the London agent, if the farmers would form co-operative companies. This was acceptable and The Ready Money Store became The United Farmers’ Co-operative Association Ltd in 1892. The co-operative dairy company movement spread throughout Aotearoa New Zealand.

Mrs Nathan died suddenly of peritonitis in May of 1897. The funeral was carried out in both Hebrew and English, as the Nathan’s were of Jewish faith. Mr Nathan was president of the congregation and president of the Jewish Socal Club.

In 1899 Mr Nathan re-married. His wife was Miss Cora Jonas, daughter of Mr Jonah Jonas of London. Together they had one child, Nell b.1904, and lived on a large estate in Wellington.

In 1903 in Wellington, Mr Nathan proposed a scheme for the consolidation of the frozen meat trade. He attended farmer’s meetings to discuss freight and generally encourage interest. Mr Nathan was passionate about the country’s commerce, and how Aotearoa New Zealand could capitalise on opportunities – especially in regard to flax, dairy and meat.

Mr Nathan also paid attention to local body matters in his home, the capital, and was a city councillor for three years. He was a member of the Harbour Board, steward of the Wellington Racing Club and director of the old Wellington-Manawatū Railway Company. Mr Nathan continued to speak publicly on world trade. As the president of the Wellington Chamber of Commerce, he advocated for preferential trade with Great Britain. He was also a one-time director of the Bank of New Zealand and directed or served on the boards of many other companies.

His links with Palmerston North and the Manawatū continued. As President of the Bowling Association in Wellington, he attended the Palmerston North Bowling Club’s opening ceremony in 1903 and was elected vice-president of the Manawatu and West Coast A&P Association in 1904.

It was also in the early 1900s that Mr Nathan submitted proposals to Manawatū dairy farmers for the establishment of factories to produce dried milk. Cheltenham, Makino, and Bunnythorpe responded with sufficient support to induce him to either purchase or establish plant and start the venture. Glaxo was to become the brand name for their baby milk and eventually evolved into the name of this business. Mr D Nathan was the first head of the Glaxo Manufacturing Company.

On 20th of March 1920, Mr Nathan died suddenly from an aneurism at a private hospital in Wellington. He was 62 years old. Mr Nathan is interred at the Karori cemetery.

His younger brother, Mr Frederick Joseph Nathan, became Managing Director and Chairman of Joseph Nathan & Co. Ltd. Mr FJ Nathan had settled in Palmerston North and was a borough councillor, 1911-1915, and mayor of the city 1923-1927.

History

David Street was put through in 1875. D.P. 26, and formed in 1883. It was listed as a private street in 1885. After 1900 it appears to have been regarded as public, with the council laying service pipes and maintaining the road and footways.

In June 1901 Mr Axel Frederick Anderson made a request to the Borough Council that the footpath be asphalted. This was carried out in August. They were top-dressed with tar and sand in January of 1912 and again in October of 1914. Further treatment was applied in 1932.

In October of 1904, two arc lamps were removed.

In August of 1906 David Street had a direct connection to sewer, with all residences being connected by October 1908. There were some problems with the sewer in those early days, on one occasion it was blocked by a chunk of wood, and, on a second, by a man’s handkerchief.

In August of 1908 a plan was made to kerb the western side footway and open a channel to allow water to escape. This was followed by the construction of tarred water tables one year later. In June 1920, new kerbing and channelling was completed on the western side of the street, with the eastern side being done in October 1931 (when the western side was rechannelled).

David Street was scarified, metalled and rolled in by September of 1916. A decade later, in November of 1926, the street was re-metalled and sealed with bitumen.

Early residents included

Early settlers, Mr and Mrs JE Magnusson, retired to 9 David Street. Mr Julius Emil Magnusson was born in Sweden in 1845 and emigrated to Australia c. 1870. During his time in Queensland he met Miss Jakobine Marie Anderson.

Miss JM Anderson was born in Larvig, Norway, in 1855. As a young woman she emigrated to Queensland, Australia, settling there for a few years. The couple married in August of 1878 and travelled to Aotearoa New Zealand.

They had four daughters and one son; Emlli Emillsen b.1879, Julia b.1881, Victoria b.1883, Oscar b.1894 and Amanda b.1898.

Arriving in Wellington, the Magnusson’s made their way to Palmerston North, then a village surrounded by bush. They purchased a section on the corner of Ferguson and Fitzherbert Streets (later Fitzherbert Avenue) and built a house. Mr JE Magnusson was a road contractor in those early days.

They then purchased a farm in Fitzherbert, and, on selling, purchased a farm on James Line, Stoney Creek (now Whakarongo). A further move was made to Stoney Creek Road, Bunnythorpe, before buying a lifestyle property on Boundary Road (later Tremaine Avenue). Here Mr J Magnusson entered the carrying business.

Mr Julius Emil Magnusson died October 1935 at the age of 90 years. Mrs Jacobine Marie Magnusson died in May 1940, aged 84. Both are interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

Mr Axel Frederick Anderson was born in Oslo, Norway in 1867. He came to Aotearoa New Zealand with his parents Mr Nils and Mrs Anne Anderson in 1872.

Miss Clara Emma Hepworth was born in 1859 in Batley, Yorkshire. She travelled with her parents, Mr John and Mrs Sarah Hepworth, to Western Australia in 1875, where they worked on sheep farms. The family went back to England for eighteen months, then emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1882, on the ship Crusader. They landed in Lyttelton in 1883.

The Hepworth family came to Palmerston North in the early 1890s, where Miss CE Hepworth met Mr AF Anderson. The couple married in 1893. They had two children; Eileen Margherita b.1894 and Clara Victoria b.1901.

They made their home in Palmerston North, establishing the Anderson Private Hotel in David Street. The couple also owned the Temperance Hotel near the railway station and took over Central Hotel in Te Marae o Hine the Square, from 1902. This became their residence. Central Hotel was relocated to the corner of Main and Andrew Young Streets in 1905. Mr A Anderson transferred the license in 1909. The Anderson Private Hotel was taken over by Mr Duncan Anderson in 1907.

In 1910 the Anderson’s left the Manawatū to live in Stratford, Taranaki where they took up farming for six years. Mrs Anderson divided her time between Stratford and Palmerston North. From there the couple farmed further in Waipawa, Hawkes Bay. In 1920 they moved to the Te Puke district where Mr Anderson became a land agent. In 1922 the Anderson’s moved to Hawera, Taranaki, where Mr Anderson entered the wine business. Mrs Clara Emma Anderson died in 1926, aged 64 years.

Mr Anderson remarried in 1927 to Mrs Mary “Mollie” Christina Elizabeth Lloyd. In 1930 the couple moved to Auckland. Mr Anderson returned to Palmerston North with his wife in 1942.

Mr Axel Frederick Anderson died at his home, 109 Te Awe Awe Street (which he built in 1907), on March 31, 1945, at the age of 77 years. He is interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

The New Zealand Express Company Ltd, a cartage business, started its life in Palmerston North on the corner of Main and David Streets in the late-1880s. It moved to George Street in 1906.

The Railway Hotel, later known as the Old Railway Hotel, was built opposite the Railway Station on the corner of Main and David Street in 1892. Its proprietor was Mr Timothy O’Leary and the hotel had 24 guestrooms, besides those used exclusively by the owner’s family. He leased the hotel in 1897 to Mr Michael Hogan who, in turn, sold his interest to Mr Henry Border.

Mr T Young became the owner in 1901 (after Mr O'Leary's death) and on-sold the hotel to Mr David Roux Bouisson in 1902. On changing hands in 1903, the Railway Hotel was condemned as old, rotten and full of vermin. Its license was not regranted until the new owners took measures to cleanse the building. It is unsurprising therefore that the owners, Staples and Co., of Wellington, made plans to re-erect the hotel. The first Railway Hotel was replaced by this building in 1904-1905.

Anderson’s Private Hotel, on the left of this image, was established on David Street in 1893. The two-storey boarding house was gutted by fire in September of 1894 and rebuilt. Mr Axel Frederick Anderson, the proprietor, was active in seeking improvements in the street from the borough council. He made additions to his boarding house in 1900, from a plan designed by Mr Ludolph George West. The hotel was taken over by Duncan Anderson in 1907. In January of 1908 local newspapers reported on an inmate of the hotel preparing a bath, only to find a 12-inch eel, the thickness of a finger, coming out of the water tap. In 1916 the hotel was taken over by Mrs A Trepo.

Other accommodation in the street between 1900 and the 1940s included JK Christensen Private Hotel, Wentworth Boarding House, and the Goldfern Boarding House. There were also a couple of billiard rooms.

David Street Stables at 8 David Street, this livery was operated by Mr John Jones from c. 1901 to 1908 when it was sold to Mr N Paulsen. He ran the business as a livery, general carrier and forwarding agent until 1917. Over that period its name changed from David Street Stables to Paulsen Stables to Railway Stables. Caleb Penman took over the Railway Stables in September 1917 and by 1921 the stables had passed into the hands of Messrs Peterson and Low. In April of 1930 they were the only remaining livery stables in Palmerston North.

In 1913 Frank Harris and Co. Ltd., moved their monumental yard to 12 David Street while in voluntary liquidation. The business was taken over by Messrs JW Fisher and Co., Sculptors and Monumental Masons in 1914. Here is an image of their business at 17 David Street (due to street renumbering) in 1997.

Renumbering

The addresses on David Street were renumbered in 1939. See p.85 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

House, 23 Taonui Street

The cottage was dismantled in 1980 by Palmerston North carpenter, Mr Graham Norman. He planned to reconstruct the building in James Line, if planning approval was given.

House, 23 Taonui Street

The 40 year old pine tree was recommended for inclusion in the city’s tree register shortly before it was chopped down by Mr Roy Mudgeway. The cottage was already on the Council’s register of historic buildings worth preserving. It was dismantled in 1980 by Palmerston North carpenter, Mr Graham Norman. He planned to reconstruct the building in James Line, if planning approval was given.

House, 23 Taonui Street

Derelict cottage that is due for demolition. The cottage was dismantled in 1980 by Palmerston North carpenter, Mr Graham Norman. He planned to reconstruct the building in James Line, if planning approval was given.

Taonui Street, Name and History

Name: Taonui

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

Taonui Street is named in honour of the Taonui Swamp. While the literal meaning is "big spear" or "big catch," it is a metaphor for an abundance of kai (food) and resources.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

The Taonui Basin lies between the Manawatū and Oroua rivers in Kairanga, on the Manawatū Plains. The plains are an ancient sea bed. Earth movement over millions of years shaped the sea bed into domes running roughly parallel with the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges. This, in turn, determined the way in which the Manawatū and Oroua rivers meandered.

The meandering of the rivers, particularly from Opiki to the sea, created lagoons and basins that became separate from the main flow when the rivers changed paths. In times of high rainfall, the Manawatū and Oroua rivers would overflow and the water, full of silty alluvium, became trapped in the basins, forming swamps. Taonui Swamp was among the largest of these.

Semi-swamp forest formed on the low lying land surrounding the swamp. It was dominated by Aotearoa New Zealand’s tallest native tree, kahikatea (white pine), and pukatea (Laurelia novae-zelandiae). Within the swamp was harakeke (flax) and raupō (Typha orientalis). The Taonui swamp had a plentiful supply of tuna (eels). The site was a major and important source of kai (food) and resources for Rangitāne and Ngāti Kauwhata.

The sale of Te Ahu a Turanga Block, first offered to the government by Rangitāne chief, Hirawanui Kaimokopuna, in 1858, was finalised in 1864. Payment was made to Rangitāne, Ngāti Kauwhata and Ngāti Tumokai. To learn more about the sale read these Back Issues articles, An anniversary with meaning for Manawatū by Toi Warbrick, and The trio who oversaw a momentous land sale by Virginia and Warren Warbrick. In 1867 the first sections were being sold in Karere.

When a survey of the Kairanga block was completed by Mr Thomas M Drummond in 1878, drainage was implemented. The land block adjoined the Taonui Swamp, which remained in Māori ownership. Kairanga County land sales were made in 1881.

Where Māori viewed the swamp with opportunities and benefits, settlers saw challenges. European farmers set about clearing vegetation and swamp forest in order to introduce paddocks of crops and livestock. This act of clearing resulted in higher incidence of flooding, the centre basin was open to water up to three quarters of the year. Finding drainage particularly difficult to maintain in winter, farmers also carried out their own drainage systems.

The deep drain originally cut through the centre of the block, joined up with the Te Puke Stream and emptied into the Taonui Swamp. It was after 1894, when the Manawatū Drainage Board straightened and deepened the main drainage outlets, that Taonui Swamp began to empty. As it emptied, harakeke and blackberry, the latter introduced by settlers, encroached. Eventually the food species completely disappeared and the forest almost followed.

There are two remnants of the semi-swamp forest today, Buchanan’s Bush (now Clausen’s) and Sutherland’s Bush. The forest that used to entirely surround the Taonui Basin can never be fully regenerated, as drainage has lowered the water table irreversibly. When the Clausen family purchased their dairy farm in 1979, they recognised the significance of the forest remnant. They fenced the 5-acre area of bush and spent a great deal of time and energy towards enabling the forest to regenerate and become healthy.

Sources

Heagney, G. (2023, September 11). With a name comes a kaupapa: The history of Māori names of significance in Feilding. Stuff NZ.
https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/300966028/with-a-name-comes-a-kaupapa-the-history-of-maori-names-of-significance-in-feilding

Knight, C. (2018). Ravaged beauty (2nd ed.). Totara Press.

History

Taonui Street was the first subdivision in the town, with the northern end (Featherston Street end) D.P.1, surveyed in 1872. The owner of this section, 301, was Mr WHW Haines. Through an oversight it was not dedicated until 1951. The southern end (Cuba Street end) D.P.16, was surveyed in 1874, being section 302, owner not stated. In 1878, twenty-eight chains (chain = 66 feet/20.12 metres) of the street was metalled.

Taonui Street was one of the first streets to have a continuous row of dwellings. By 1878 there were seven houses on the northern end and six on the southern.

In March of 1880, an application was made by Taonui Street ratepayers to have work done in a street leading on to Rangitikei Line. Likely Cuba or Featherstone Street (later called Featherston Street). The council agreed that if ratepayers carried out the work, they’d be reinstated once the borough had commensurate funds.

Meanwhile, on Taonui Street, there was a problem with water accumulating due to a depression in the lie of the land. This was reported to the Borough Council in May of 1881. By August, a plan was made to reform and regrade the road and footpaths. However, the works weren’t immediately carried out as Borough Engineer, Mr Edward John Armstrong, was experiencing challenges in response to tenders. It wasn’t until November of 1884 that water tables were made in the street, and stagnant water removed. Surface water was to remain an issue.

In August of 1883, councillor Walker proposed that owners of unfenced sections in Taonui Street receive notice to fence. Councillor Ferguson seconded the motion.

In the early 1880s the area around Taonui Street was known as the 'fashionable quarter' and had the nickname, "New Chum Town." Early residents certainly went on to become movers and shakers in the community. Over time the street lost its prestige. Taonui Street later acquired the name "Soapsuds Alley," because of the narrowness of the street and all the clotheslines strung up there.

The narrowness of Taonui Street was discussed regularly. In September of 1917, the council officially stated that the width of Taonui Street would not meet future requirements. Section 117 of the Public Works Act gave the council power to set frontages back to an appropriate distance. Almost a decade later, in April 1927, the council decided not to apply the Public Works Act to Taonui Street. As an alternative, consideration was given to compensating owners who were asked to set back their frontage.

The widening of Taonui Street was eventually carried out in the early 1960s, and a stormwater sump unit installed.

Residents made the council aware of problems or opportunities arising from businesses operating in, or nearby the street. In February of 1886, for example, councillor Snelson presented a petition from residents complaining of night soil contractors keeping their carts in the vicinity of houses.

In October of 1888, Messrs Stevens and Gorton extended their sale yards along Cuba Street, between Rangitikei to Taonui Street. In May 1901, residents requested that a lamp be erected in Taonui Street in vicinity of the sale yards. The following month the Lighting Committee recommended that the lamp in question be changed to an incandescent one. More worrying, was damage caused by livestock.

The tarring and sanding of footpaths had just been completed, when, in February of 1905, herds of horses driven down the street, tore up the new walkways. Apart from regular upkeep, which continued over the years, there wasn’t a solution. Taonui Street remained a recommended stock route.

By October of 1906 the main waterworks were completed, allowing Taonui Street residents to be connected. Two years later, all premises on Taonui Street were connected to the sewer.

From c. 1910 old houses in the street increasingly came under scrutiny. As the earliest residential street in Palmerston North, Taonui Street contained the oldest houses, some becoming increasingly derelict. Decisions were made in the ensuing years on whether such dwellings should be condemned and demolished.

This cottage, formerly 23 Taonui Street, was one of the earliest homes still standing in 1979. On its section was a 40-year-old pine which was recommended for inclusion in the city’s tree register. The cottage was on the City Council’s register of historic buildings. It was dismantled in 1980, by carpenter Mr Graham Norman, who planned to reconstruct the building in James Line. Mr Roy Mudgeway chopped down the pine before it was officially protected as one of the city’s notable trees.

In 1913 there was talk, initiated by a special committee appointed by the Borough Council, of changing the name from Taonui Street to Nelson Street. There was discussion in the Manawatū Standard on preservation of local Māori names, versus honouring the overseas hero of Trafalger. The local Māori name endured.

May of 1930 saw the street excavated to a new formation level, and metalled. A welcome move in reducing surface water. In March of 1933 the street was tar-sealed, which went a long way to mitigating the dust output from the previous metalled roadway.

Early residents, business, organisations and clubs included

For a comprehensive history of the street's development, businesses, and who lived there, take a look at the lecture notes of Brian Mather and supplementary material from the Palmerston North Historical Society, circa.
2006.

Renumbering

The addresses on Taonui Street were renumbered between 1936 and 1939. See p.258 and p.259 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Built Heritage Inventory

The Palmerston North Working Men's Club, 1928 - the main entry was on Cuba Street with the lounge bar and some other spaces on Taonui Street. This building later became the Cosmopolitan Club, 95-103 Taonui Street.

Pascal Street, Name and History

Name: Pascal

Suburb, Takaro

This street is named for Mr Louis M Pascal who owned the land when the street was formed, D.P. 578, section 294. Borough rate books reflect that his brother, Mr Claude Marie Pascal, had section 294 under his name in 1891 and it transferred to Mr LM Pascal in 1900. They and their younger brother, Mr Jean Baptiste Marius Pascal, had several businesses under the Messrs Pascal Brothers umbrella. In 1913, the last remaining allotment belonging to the Pascal Bros on section 294, was sold.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

Brothers, Mr CM Pascal (b.1856) and Mr L Pascal were both born in Saint-Chamond, Loire, France. They emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1878 and 1879 respectively, Mr C Pascal on the ship Aroha. By 1882 the brothers were running sheep and cattle on a farm at Awahuri called Beaulieu. They fenced and cleared the property in early 1884, and applied for permission to the Manawatū Road Board to cut down fourteen acres of bush adjoining on the north and south road lines. This was agreed at £2 an acre, the going rate at the time.

Mr C Pascal married Miss Marie Leopoldine Louise Roper in 1887 and five children were born to them at Beaulieu, Alix Marie b.1888, Odette Marie b.1890, Marie Louise b.1892, Pierre Marie b.1894 and Andree Rona Marie b.1896. In 1897 Beaulieu was sold to Mr PA McHardy of Hawkes Bay. He farmed there until 1915 when the 431-acre property was subdivided into fifteen blocks of varying sizes and sold. Mr and Mrs C Pascal and their family left for France circa 1908. They were living in Greenoble in 1936, when Mr Claude Marie Pascal died, aged 80 years.

It was in 1884 that Mr JBM Pascal, born 1859 in Loire France, emigrated and joined his older brothers. Three of seven siblings now resided in Aotearoa New Zealand. Mr JB Pascal also took up land in Awahuri and built a homestead named Brooklands. In 1887 he married Miss Flora Emily MacLennan. After a trip to France they settled to farming Brooklands for 22 years and had three children, Madge Marie b.1889, Noelle Louise Jeanne b.1893 and Flora Lucie b.1896. The couple moved to their final home, Foncala, in Te Awe Awe Street in 1909. Mr Jean Baptiste Marius Pascal died there in June 1939, aged 79 years.

Messrs Pascal Bros became involved in the flax industry in the Rangiotu community, which was then known as Oroua Bridge. Mr L Pascal owned a 1,000-acre property at Kereru, of which 340 acres were in flax. He took up residence there in 1890. The Teopakete hemp mill was established in October of the same year and employed about sixty people under the management of Mr Gledhill. For ease of transport a tramway was laid through the centre of flax country. The output of the mill was around 2,000 tons of green leaf per annum.

Both Mr L Pascal and Mr C Pascal were active participants in local Hemp Miller’s meetings, and members of the Flaxmiller's Association. Mr C Pascal was also a member of the Horowhenua County Council.

In 1896 the mill was destroyed by fire and rebuilt, resuming operations in 1898. In 1903 this second mill was also destroyed by fire and in 1906 they sold the stock and implements. Prior to the sale there were efforts within the industry to have the government purchase the property as a model flax mill for experimentation, however this did not eventuate. Mr WH Ferris who had managed the mill for twelve years, became Chief Grader of the Dominion in 1910.

The brothers bought a second property at Puketotara, Oroua Bridge, from Mr WK Simpson in the early 1890s and made improvements with a view to farming livestock. The property, some 2,000 acres, was sold to Mr John Gemmell in 1905.

It was also from 1890 onwards that Mr C Pascal and Mr L Pascal purchased property in the Palmerston North township.

The brothers were keen horsemen and Mr J Pascal was one of the earliest members of the Manawatū Racing Club and Feilding Jockey Club. Mr L Pascal was heavily involved in Manawatū racing. He raced horses at various meetings from 1898 and eventually employed a private horse trainer, Mr T Clarke, stationed on Foxton Line. His most successful horses were Flingot by Musketry–Lady Isabelle (brood mare and dam of all his horses) and Bourrasque by Sou’Wester–Lady Isabelle. They competed from around 1905 to 1912. Bourrasque won the Egmont, Manawatū, and Foxton Cups.

In 1908 Mr L Pascal sold some of his horses to fund a trip to La Belle, France. It was with particular regret that he decided to sell Lady Isabelle to Mr S Mesena.

Local newspapers show that the brothers were active citizens of their communities in both a civic and social sense. In addition to horse-racing, Mr L Pascal golfed at the Manawatū Golf Club. He appears to have been a congregant of All Saints Church and donated regularly to local causes, including the new convent in 1903. From 1908 Mr J Pascal provided French conversation lessons at home and at the Convent High School on Grey Street. The Pascal’s corresponded with county and borough councils over roads and services. For example, regarding road upkeep for movement of stock to market, or development of infrastructure towards sale of allotments on town streets. Mr L Pascal was using those same town streets – or not – he was fined 10s and costs of 7s for riding his bicycle on the footpath in 1904.

The brothers entered livestock and hemp into Manawatū and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral (A&P) Association Show competitions from the 1890s, winning several prizes. The Pascals also had business dealings with the A&P Association, due to the A&P grounds adjoining Pascal Street (see History, below.)

In 1914, with the commencement of World War One, Mr L Pascal’s attentions returned to his home country. He wrote a letter to the Manawatū Times in September of that year defending the French position. In 1916, as secretary of the Red Cross Society in Palmerston North he sought donations to support French aid efforts, and in April of that year he returned to his birth country.

Meanwhile, the operations of Messrs Pascal Bros., property development and sales, continued in Palmerston North until 1924, when Abraham and Williams, Auctioneers, were instructed to wind-up the estate. This was largely land around the Cuba and Chelwood Street areas.

Residing in France, Mr L Pascal corresponded with his brother Mr J Pascal of Te Awe Awe Street and his undertakings were occasionally mentioned in local newspapers. In November of 1939, a letter from Mr L Pascal, now 81 years old, was published in the Manawatū Standard. He spoke of conditions in France as the country prepared for war and the enlistment of French soldiers. He wrote of his decision to remain in Lyon despite authorities’ warnings to leave the town, on account of local war armament factories being likely targets. He ended the letter:

“You will understand that we don’t live in happy days but, believe me, France is calm and determined without fear. We know that all the British Dominions, above all dear New Zealand, will join England and France. The 1914-1918 war has taught us to admire and appreciate greatly the courage and military valour of the Anzac fighters. We will be pleased to have them with us if it comes to fighting again. We still hope a little that it won’t.”

History

Pascal Street was a stretch of paddocks in its early days, of livestock, orchards, oats and tare – country living within town boundaries. It became increasingly residential as the town grew into a city in the late 1920s. The street's fortunes were closely tied to the adjoining showgrounds, owned by the Manawatū and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral (A&P) Association. In the 1890s grazing paddocks and sheep pens were situated in the showgrounds alongside Pascal Street. While subdivided, the street wasn’t formed until c. 1900.

From 1901 residents corresponded with the Borough Council to form a footpath on the west side of the street and requested water services. For the latter, ratepayers paid to lay the pipes and requested a rates rebate in return. The Waterworks Committee ensured extension of water services to Pascal Street by October 1901; however, the kerbing and footpaths were delayed until August 1904. A couple of months later lamps were erected, and gasworks extended in 1905. Stormwater work began in 1906 with the culverts completed in 1907, and sewer connections made in 1908. In 1910 the road was tarred.

In May of 1905 the Football Union began regular practices and matches on new grounds in Pascal Street. Junior footballers complained of the well-used grounds being lumpy in 1907. The state of the football grounds wasn’t the only complaint. From 1905 to 1910, both the A&P Association and street residents drew attention to the poor state of the footpaths.

The A&P Association were keen to extend their grounds and provide access from the rear. Negotiations ensued with the Pascal Bros over a number of years with a view to transfer allotment 9, section 294 of Pascal Street to the Association in exchange for the right to form a road, the extension of Cuba Street, through the Education Reserve. The latter was leased by the A&P Association. In 1908, this was originally permitted by the Education Commissioner, but did not proceed at the time.

Once fresh negotiations commenced in 1912 the Education Reserve had passed into the hands of the Wellington Land Board. When the Land Board refused permission, a petition was made to parliament by A&P Association members. The government, led by Prime Minister Massey, issued permission and the transfer proceeded allowing the A&P Association to increase the size of their grounds. In October 1912 the Borough Council gave consent for the extension of Cuba Street and construction of a new street (later named Palermes Street), connecting to the Cuba Street extension.

It became the practice of A&P Shows to supply free milk from the exhibitors of dairy cattle each morning at the Pascal Street gate. Hundreds of children enjoyed this tradition during show time.

In May of 1920 the Borough Council received a letter from residents requesting a footway be constructed on the east side of Pascal Street. Residents agreed to pay half the cost, and kerbing and channelling was carried out in May 1922. Heavy traffic on the street required Pascal Street to be scarified and re-metalled in 1923 and from that time the road and footpath were regularly top-dressed.

1923 was also the year a naming and renaming scheme of Palmerston North streets was proposed. Both the Manawatū Standard and the Manawatū Times covered Mr JH de Marr’s report of the scheme, to the Chamber of Commerce in May of 1923. His aim was to eliminate confusion by renaming current streets with a prefix or suffix based on location within Palmerston North; north, south, east, west. Future street names would start with their location letter. For example, all streets in the west would start with the letter ‘w’, all streets in the south with the letter ‘s’ and so on. Mr J de Marr suggested various options, using the example of Pascal Street in the south:

Name becomes "Sascal" Street (this was the option Mr de Marr most favoured)
Name becomes S' Pascal Street or Pascal Street 'S
Name becomes South Pascal Street or Pascal Street South

Under his scheme ‘avenues’ would designate parallel boundaries. ‘Streets’ would run parallel to avenues, ‘roads’ would run in the opposite direction, that is, non-parallel. He thought this more scientific, with the benefits outweighing any sentimentality.

There was a lengthy discussion in which chamber member, Mr JH Stevens, suggested it would be wiser not to attempt too great a revolution. The chamber voted on a middle ground with a recommendation to the Borough Council on renaming several streets, avenues (including Rangitikei and Fitzherbert), and placing a direction letter suffix on the end of every name.

After the A&P Show of 1926, Pascal Street residents were treated to a nightly orchestra of lions’ roars. The six lions, situated in cages by the Pascal Street fence of the showgrounds, were owned by Mrs Baker, principle of the former Baker’s Circus & Zoo. When a business partnership severed with the proprietor of another circus during the winter show, she decided to sell the lions. They stayed at the showgrounds for ten days while she arranged temporary accommodation in the Wellington Zoo.

In 1935 water supply improvements included the laying of nine inch main in Pascal Street. This was a good thing due to the vicinity to the showgrounds and also because Pascal Street was the location of regular grass fires over the years.

By the late 1930s the Takaro Suburb Progressive Association had formed, with representatives from Pascal Street, and was active in canvassing the council for street improvements.

Early residents included

In December of 1903, Mr John Archibald of 33 Pascal Street, sold his house to Mr and Mrs Patrick Guerin, late of Foxton. Mr Patrick Guerin was born c. 1840 and Mrs Catherine Guerin, nee McGill, was born c. 1851 in County Antrim, Ireland. On arriving in Aotearoa New Zealand Miss C McGill went to the West Coast, South Island, where she met Mr P Guerin, a dairyman. They married in Hokitika in 1874. In 1875 the couple took up ownership of the Butcher’s Arms Hotel in Revell Street of Hokitika. They were there when the discovery of gold was made at Kumara in 1876.

According to voter registrations, the Guerin’s moved to the Manawatū in 1880. Messrs Guerin and McGauley were the Foxton poundkeepers in the early 1880s. Mr and Mrs Guerin's daughter, Miss Alice Elma Guerin, was born c. 1880-1884. By 1889 Mr and Mrs Guerin had purchased Captain Moore’s house in Purcell Street, Foxton. That same year Mr Guerin became the borough Ranger and Registrar of Dogs. He held the position for a decade, carrying out his duties on horseback. This was an interesting choice of career for Mr Guerin who was fined several times in early 1870s, West Coast, for allowing cattle to wander.

In addition to ranging, Mr Guerin raised and sold young cattle, cows in calf, potatoes and oats from their 4&½ acre lot. The couple also purchased and let property. Mr Guerin successfully tendered for the Foxton lamplighting contract from 1890 to 1900, an annual income double his ranging work. Mrs Guerin was involved with the Foxton Dramatic Club and had a talent for creating stage sets. She also sold poultry, such as geese. In 1894 Mr Guerin became county Ranger and Dog Tax Collector for Awahou Riding, Manawatū County Council. He held the Pohangina position for a couple of years.

In 1898 Mrs Guerin put their Purcell Street property on the market to let or sell. By 1903 the family had moved into the Pascal Street property after a few months in Stoney Creek (later known as Whakarongo). They retained property in Foxton. Miss AE Guerin finished her education in Palmerston North and left home in April of 1906 when she married Mr William McDowell. Mrs Catherine Guerin died in 1917, at 66 years of age. Mr Patrick Guerin died in 1927, aged 87, and was interred at Palmerston North Cemetery. His will included pecuniary legacies to Catholic churches, convents and orphanages in the Manawatū and Upper Hutt.

Mr and Mrs Arthur Hosking lived at 25 Pascal Street from c. 1904. Mr A Hosking, an engineer, was born in Palmerston North in 1879. He was the son of Mr and Mrs Charles Hosking, early settlers. Mr C Hosking founded an engineering works in Church Street, which was taken over by his sons when he died. Mr A Hosking withdrew from the business in 1904, the same year he married Miss Annie Thompson, and went to work for Berry Engineering until 1911. The Hosking Bros business was later sold to JJ Niven and Co., becoming Niven Engineering.

Mr Hosking became bankrupt in 1912 after being unable to find further employment. Mrs Annie Hosking, aged 36, died that same year from a long illness.

He successfully applied for discharge of bankruptcy in 1913 and went into partnership with Mr Charles William Fuller. The firm, located on Rangitikei Street, was called The Hosking Foundry and Engineering Company. The partnership was dissolved in 1915 and the business accounts settled by Mr Hosking.

In 1913 Mr Hosking married Miss Eva Gertrude Thomas. In 1915 the couple moved to Pahiatua where Mr Hosking had become licensee and proprietor of the Rutland Hotel.

He returned to engineering in Palmerston North in 1922, and had a business on Lombard Street until his death in 1925, aged 46 years. He was survived by his wife Mrs Eva Hosking and six children; Ethelwyn Beatrice Ena Thompson b.1907, Beatrice Coral Thompson b.1909, Nita Daphne b.1915, Lorraine b.1916, Arthur Edward b.1918 and Maitland Harvey b.1923.

Mrs and Mrs R Mulrooney took up residence at 23 Pascal Street in March of 1909. Mr Roger Mulrooney, recently retired from the Masonic Hotel, had been in ill health for some years. In the short-term they aimed to strengthen his constitution to the extent he could take a health tour. They remained owners of the hotel and leased it out.

Mr Roger Mulrooney was born in County Sligo, Ireland, c. 1855. He came to NZ in 1877 on the ship Piako. He was on the passenger list as a farm labourer. Initially, Mr R Mulrooney took up a teaching position at Dunedin Normal School, later joining the Prisons Department, c. 1888. Miss Mary Kavanaugh was born in County Kilkenny, Ireland, c. 1849 and came to New Zealand in 1882, likely on the ship Mennock. In 1892, Miss M Kavanaugh married Mr Mulrooney in Wellington, where he worked in the prison service. There were no children of the marriage.

They came to Palmerston North in 1898 and took possession of the Masonic Hotel from Mr PL Harnett in 1899. Mr Mulrooney was a genial and popular hotelkeeper and townsman. He was a member of the Licensed Victuallers Association and the Hibernian Society.

Mr Roger Mulrooney’s health took a turn for the worst in April of 1909 and he died in May at 56 years of age. His funeral was large and well attended. Eighteen hotelkeepers amongst the followers came from all over the country. The hotels in Palmerston North closed from 2:00pm to 2:45pm as a mark of respect.

Mrs Mulrooney was well known for her church and charitable work. In 1924 she re-licensed the Masonic Hotel under her name and became the hotel keeper, with renovations and refurbishments made. She remained in Pascal Street until her death in 1932.

Mr and Mrs Hans Anderson Ihle and Mr Adolph Ihle moved to numbers 43 and 45 Pascal Street, respectively, in 1916 (section 294, allotment 17). Mr and Mrs HA Ihle had owned property on the corner of Featherston and Pascal Streets since 1893, first on one corner (section 294 allotment 20) and then the opposite (section 294 allotment 19) from 1897. They also owned allotment 18. Mr A Ihle had made the move from Ferguson Street.

Mr H Ihle was born in Christiania, Oslo, in 1866, and Mr A Ihle was born in Palmerston North in 1880.

The Ihle brothers were sons of Mr and Mrs Anders Hansen Ihle, and among the first families of Palmerston (later Palmerston North). They arrived aboard the ship Celaeno (also referred to as Zealine) in February of 1871. Their family name was originally Hansen, in the patronymic style. In 1870, it was changed to Iler, after the family farm, and was spelt Ihle.

Ihle Street is named in honour of their father, a carpenter and contractor. One of Mr H Anderson’s enduring memories was being the first child to walk upon the Fitzherbert Bridge, on which his father was contractor. You can read more about Mr AH Ihle in the Manawatū Journal of History. The article is on page 11, Anders Hansen Ihle: Palmerston North Pioneer by Joan Barnes.

Mr H Ihle married Miss Anna Matilda Jacobsen in Wellington in 1892. They had two sons and two daughters, Algar Herbert b.1894, Ida Matilda b.1897, Annie b.1899 and Leonard Hans b.1900.

He was involved in the timber industry, working for GA Gamman and Co., and the Tiratu Sawmilling Company. He was a member of the Palmerston North Brass Band, the Druids’ Lodge, a keen lawn bowler and member of the Takaro Club. Mrs Anna Matilda Ihles died in 1932, aged 69, she was followed by her husband Mr Hans Anderson Ihle six years later. Mr H Ihles was 71 years old and was interred in the Kelvin Grove Cemetery.

Mr A Ihle married Miss Rosalyn Lillian Mudrack in 1899. They had three sons, Adolph Harding born c. 1901, Stanley Robert b.1901 and Gifford Clarence b.1902. The couple separated in 1914. Mr A Ihle worked as a stoker at the Gasworks. He died in 1961 at the age of 81 years.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

Early businesses on the street were rural in flavour. There was trade in livestock, crops and garden produce, as well as leasing of paddocks to exhibitors attending A&P Shows.

The poultry business was also prevalent, with Mr Walter Cotton advertising the Maitai Poultry Yard from 1904. Other poultry traders included Mr J Tavendale of 29 Pascal Street and Mr H Barlow of 6 Pascal Street.

In November of 1927, the corner of Pascal Street and Cuba Street extension, approximately 1-acre, was gifted to trustees of the All Saints Children’s Home by Mr H Akers. The original home on the corner of Ada and Ferguson Streets was overcrowded and £1000 had already been set aside to build a new modern home. With thirty-six inmates in Palmerston North and twenty-five at Foxton, the trustees hoped to erect the new building on Pascal Street. Rebuilding funds were of sufficient amount in 1930 that a decision was made to proceed. In August the Right Reverend, Bishop of Wellington Dr TH Sprott, laid the foundation stone. The home was completed in December and was expected to be occupied after the Christmas holidays.

In January of 1931 the grounds were levelled and landscaped due to a donation from a Wellington businesswoman. On 30 January 1931, thirty-six children moved into the building, and in March the home was officially opened by the Right Reverend Dr TH Sprott. In October of 1931 there was a gathering to celebrate 25 years of the All Saints home and its first year in current location. In April of 1933, unable to maintain the costs of two homes, the Foxton children were placed in the Pascal Street home, bringing total residents to forty-three. The Foxton home was kept as a seaside resort for children.

In 1964, with more children being fostered, All Saints Children’s Home was replaced by a family home in Ngaio Street. The Pascal Street building was used as a convent and for private accommodation over the ensuing years. It was demolished in 2014.

In 1946 a concrete electrical power substation was built in Pascal Street. Alongside the Power Station and Main Street substation, the aim was to carry higher voltages to help deal with increased demand. This image shows the interior of the substation after an explosion in 1958.

The A&P Grounds transferred to the Palmerston North City Council in 1973. The A&P Cattle Pavillion, originally built c. 1915, was lost to fire in 1977. Note the Pascal Street Stadium, built in 1961, next to the destroyed pavilion in this image. Designed by Bill Lobel Smith and Associates, construction commenced on the new Pascal Street Stadium in 1980, also known as the Manawatū Sports Stadium and the Palmerston North Sports Stadium. It was completed in 1981 and is now known as Arena Manawatu.

Renumbering

The addresses on Pascal Street were renumbered between 1936 and 1939. See p.210 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Palermes Street, Name and History

Name: Palermes

Suburb, Takaro

The origin of the name Palermes is unknown.

Geographically, Palermes is the French spelling of Palermo, the capital of Sicily, Italy. Parlemes is also found in the Nord-Ouest region of Haiti.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923. Please note: the 's' in Palermes has been omitted on the map.

History

Brothers, Mr Louis M Pascal and Mr Claude Marie Pascal emigrated to New Zealand from Loire, France, in 1878 and were early settlers in the Manawatū. Mr Jean Baptiste Pascal also emigrated and joined his older brothers in 1884. Palermes Street, D.P.3617, section 311, was owned by either Mr CM Pascal or Mr LM Pascal, of Messrs Pascal Bros, from 1890 onwards.

To learn more about the Pascal brothers, take a look at Pascal Street.

To build and access Palermes Street, Messrs Pascal Bros first needed to extend Cuba Street through the Education Reserve. The reserve was leased to the Manawatū and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral (A&P) Association by the Education Commissioner.

When this was first negotiated, in 1908, Messrs Pascal Bros agreed to transfer allotment 9 of section 294, to the A&P Association. This would allow the Association to extend their grounds alongside Pascal Street and provide access from the rear. In exchange, the brothers would have the right to form the Cuba Street extension through the Education Reserve.

This was permitted by the Education Commissioner but did not proceed at the time.

In October 1912 the Borough Council gave consent for the extension of Cuba Street and construction of a new street, connecting to the Cuba Street extension.

At a Borough Council meeting in June 1914, a letter was acknowledged from Mr L Pascal, and referred to the Public Works Committee. He wished to name a new street running from Cuba Street extension to Main Street west, Palermes Street. The street, comprised of a mixture of residential and business sites, was ready to be taken over. Mr Pascal reminded the council, that they were to add a culvert. This was also referred to Public Works.

Auctioneers, Abrahams and Williams Ltd., on behalf of Mr Pascal, advertised seventeen sections for sale in July 1914. Some of the sites had already been built on.

In April of 1917, Mr JB Wither on behalf of Pascal Bros., asked the Borough Council for permission to construct a continuation of Palermes Street to Chelwood Street. This was agreed and a time extension allowed in January 1918 and again in February of 1919.

Sewers were laid in March 1919 and improvements to footpaths made in 1924.

In February of 1926, the Borough Council proposed renaming streets where a continuation had been made to an existing street. The resolution was passed in March. Town clerk, Mr James Robert Hardie, gave public notice throughout March and April that Palermes would become Bryant. From July 1926 the street was known as Bryant Street.

Early residents included

By 1917, Mr and Mrs E Fisher had taken up residence at 5 Palermes Street. Mr Edward Fisher was born in 1872 in New South Wales, Australia. He arrived in New Zealand from c. 1892 to c. 1903.

Miss Elizabeth England was born in Aotearoa New Zealand in 1869, to immigrant parents from Somerset, England. She married Mr E Fisher in Upper Hutt in 1904. They had one child, Kathleen Elizabeth b.1905.

In Palermes Street, they provided “On the Farm” produce opposite the Railway Station engine shed. Mr Fisher unsuccessfully sought election to the Dairy Control Board in 1923. The couple gave up dairying in 1925.

In the late 1920s Mr Fisher, a former engineer of the River Board, was the New Zealand patentee of several types of groynes for mitigating river erosion. By then their address had become 180 Bryant Street and was renumbered to 80 Bryant Street in the 1930s.

Mrs Elizabeth Fisher died in November of 1941, aged 72, and is interred at Kelvin Grove Cemetery. Mr Edward Fisher sold his house and its contents in 1945 and returned to Australia. He died in New South Wales in October of 1960, at the age of 88 years. He is interred at Sandgate Cemetery.

Oakley Street, Name and History

Name: Oakley

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

Oakley Street is named in honour of Mrs Sarah Oakley (1854-1938), nee Hanlon, one of the town's earliest residents and land owners.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

Mrs S Oakley's parents, Sarah and John Hanlon, emigrated from Warwickshire, England, in 1874 with their children Caroline, Sarah (then around 20 years old), Lawrence, Agnes and William; on the ship Euterpe. Mr John Hanlon is recorded as a mason on the passenger list. The family settled in Terrace End Palmerston North and Mr Hanlon took up work as a builder and mason.

Here their daughter, Miss Sarah Hanlon, met Mr Frederick Oakley, one of the first carpenters in Palmerston North. Mr F Oakley was born May 6 1846, in Walsall, England. He arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand with his parents in 1857, aboard the Indian Queen. He apprenticed into the building trade in Wellington, working for Mr Lockie. After seven years’ experience he went to Foxton and built the first post office with Mr John Edmund Perrin. On moving to Palmerston North in May of 1871, he and Mr JE Perrin built the first store in the township – belonging to Mr George Mathew Snelson.

Later they partnered with undertaker Mr Meyrick. Advertising as carpenters, builders and undertakers, the firm Meyrick, Perrin and Oakley built most of the early houses in Palmerston North.

A letter Mr J Hanlon wrote to the Manawatū Times was referenced January 6th 1877:

“… his daughter laid the “foundation brick” of the first brick cottage ever erected in Palmerston, on 28th December last.”

Mr Hanlon didn't actually specify which daughter.

Miss S Hanlon married Mr F Oakley on the 13th of June 1877, at Saint Patrick’s Church. In doing so they joined two of the earliest building families in Palmerston North.

The Oakley’s had nine children: Helen Agnes b.1878, Rachel Sarah b.1880, Mary Elizabeth Josephina b.1882, Frederick William John b.1884, Mabel Gertrude b.1886, Harold Sylvester b.1888, Francis Claud b.1891, Joseph Mary Francis Xavier b.1898 and Raymond Reginald Louis b.1895. They were predeceased by their youngest son, Raymond, in 1925.

The couple moved to 169 Church Street (later renumbered 457) in 1904, and remained there the rest of their lives. Mr Oakley died in of December 1930, aged 84 years, and Mrs Oakley died in July 1938, also aged 84 years.

History

Oakley Street, then unnamed, was drawn into James Mitchell’s plan of 1866. It was surveyed all the way through to Cuba Street. However, the location of the Palmerston North Showgrounds, decided in 1886, altered the earlier plan. Once Oakley Street was formed, it ran from Featherston Street and ended a short way into, and adjoining, sections 295 and 296 of the showgrounds.

Water services were extended to Oakley Street in 1904, and concrete stormwater culverts were completed in 1907. The laying of the main sewer was completed in 1909. In 1910, the Manawatu and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral Association (A&P) requested that water mains and a fire plug be added to eastern end of Oakley Street. This was a fire precaution, given its vicinity to the showgrounds. The Borough Council approved the plan, providing the Association paid the full cost. After the A&P Association explored options with the Fire Board, a four-inch water main was constructed in Oakley Street in 1911.

Around 1896 the A&P Association rented land from Mr Christensen on, what was then, allotments 1 and 2 of section 295, Oakley Street. This property, described as a sort of island territory in the A&P Association grounds, was successfully claimed by Mrs Catherine C Peters. The Supreme Court allowed that she was the widow of the original grantee, Mr Carl Peters. She was an absentee owner and the land was used intermittently for grazing. The A&P Association repeatedly tried to purchase or lease the Oakley Street land from Mrs Peters.

In 1920 the government authorised taking possession of the land for public purposes, under the Public Works Amendment Act, 1910, and clause 50 of the Reserves and Other Lands Disposal and Public Bodies Empowering Act, 1919. As a result, the A&P Association publicly gazetted their intention to acquire the land and made payment based on government valuation. In 1922 this move was nationally criticised and became known as the "Peters Case" when Mrs Peter's son protested the actions – over twelve months after the fact. A detailed overview was provided in the Dominion, volume 16, issue 62, 6 December 1922, page 7.

The sale was finalised in April of 1921 and the A&P Association asked the council to close that portion of Oakley Street – 800 links, being lots 2, 3, 4 and 5 of section 295 southwest Oakley Street, and 100 links on the northwest. A meeting of local electors was called to make the decision in March of 1922. The citizens voted in favour of increasing the A&P Association grounds via this method. A special order was passed by the council in April 1922 and that portion of Oakley Street was closed for A&P Association use.

In May of 1922, Oakley Street residents requested that the footpath be tarred, sanded, kerbed and channelled. They were prepared to pay half the expense. The work was approved in June and completed in November. A second request to have the gas main extended was referred to the Gas Committee and Engineer. By July 1924, residents requested the installation of an electric street lamp to replace the gas lamp recently removed. This was referred to Electric Committee.

In November of 1926 a petition was received from Oakley Street ratepayers highlighting the deteriorating condition of street. The council responded with tidying and improvements. In 1933 the footpaths were reconditioned and top-dressed with tar and sand.

Early residents included

Mrs Thomasina Leigh, nee Collins, lived in Palermes Street from c. 1904.
Miss Thomasina Collins was born in Cornwall, England, c. 1838. She came to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1874 on the ship Douglas, arriving in Wellington. Miss T Collins made Palmerston North her home, apart from three years spent in Marton.

Miss Collins had a daughter, Miss Elizabeth Catherine Collins in 1879.

Mr John James Leigh was born in Somerset, England in 1820. He emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1876 with his wife, Mrs Rebecca Leigh, nee Hayward, and one of their sons. They arrived in 1877 on the ship Marlborough. Mr J Leigh is recorded as a lawyer on the passenger list. Mrs R Leigh died in 1884, at 65 years of age.

Miss Collins married Mr Leigh in 1885. They spent their married life in Palmerston North, where Mr Leigh was caretaker of the Palmerston North Cemetery. Mr John James Leigh died at 76 years of age in 1895. Mrs Leigh took in boarders and ran livestock for sale from her property. Mrs Thomasina Leigh died in 1924, aged 86 years.

Mr and Mrs H Rowland lived in the Manawatū for many years. Mr Herbert Rowland was born in 1853, Worcestershire, England. He followed his older brother, Mr David Rowland, to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1877. His brother was an early settler of Tiakitahuna (also known as Jackey Town). Arriving on the ship Wairoa, Mr H Rowland is recorded as a platelayer on the passenger list.

He moved to the Manawatū and took up land in Pohangina.

Miss Mary Demler (alternatively, Damler and Dammler) was born in 1867 in Rheinland-Palatinate, Germany. She emigrated with her parents and siblings to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1875, on the ship Terpsichore. They arrived in Wellington in 1876.

Mr H Rowland and Miss M Demler married in 1885. They had six children, John b.1886, William Herbert b.1888, Mary Sarah b.1890, Mabel Maria b.1892, Arthur August b.1894 and Grace Eileen b.1906.

In 1889 Mr Rowland sold his Pohangina property to Mr Vallley Calleson, and purchased land from the estate of Mrs Mary Elizabeth Hughey, in Motuiti, Foxton. The family farmed this land until moving to Palmerston North in 1900.

Mr Herbert Rowland died at the family’s Oakley Street residence in September 1911. He was 59 years old and is interred at Terrace End Cemetery. After his death, Mrs Mary Rowland moved to Upper Hutt, where she resided until her death in March of 1963. She was 95 years of age.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

Oakley was predominantly a residential street with some small businesses operating from homes. Mrs Leigh of 4 Oakley Street sold dairy livestock, for example, or Mr J Hansen of 12 Oakley Street sold gravel. There was also a poultry farm at 6 Oakley Street.

There was a steady trade in the let and sale of property and renting of rooms. In 1905, Mr Ludolph Georg West designed two cottages for Mrs McCartney on the street.

Andrew Young Street, Name and History

Name: Andrew Young

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

The street is named for Andrew Young (1833-1895), the owner-driver of the first coach service between Foxton and Palmerston North. At a Palmerston Borough Council Meeting on 20 August 1884 the Mayor read a letter from Mr A Young’s agent. It advised that Mr Young wished to have a street laid facing the Masonic Hall, Main Street, running through to Cuba Street. Money to carry out the forming and metalling of said street was available at any time.

The matter of Andrew Young Street was referred to the Public Works Committee and a call for tenders made in November 1884.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

Mr Andrew Young, was born in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Ireland in 1833. He emigrated to Victoria, Australia, in the early 1850s on the ship, South Carolina. Mr A Young first tried his luck as a gold digger at Castlemaine and Bendigo. The Victorian goldrushes also saw the arrival of four Americans – Mr Freeman Cobb, Mr John Murray Peck, Mr James Swanton and Mr John B. Lamber, who established the original Cobb & Company line of coaches in Melbourne, in 1853. In May 1856 the partners sold-up and the business passed through a number of owners.

It was Cobb and Co., under Messrs Highett and Co., who employed Mr Young on his return to Melbourne. He drove coaches between Geelong and Ballarat, until the Ballarat to Melbourne railway was complete. It was here that Mr Young met and married his wife Miss Elizabeth Nott in 1860. She gave birth to their eldest daughter, Selina, in Geelong, in 1862.

In 1861 it was once again the discovery of gold, this time, at Gabriel’s Gully, Otago, that attracted the coaching business. Now under proprietor Mr Charles Carlos Cole, Cobb and Co service and plant (including a stagecoach, wagons, buggies, horses and saddles) travelled aboard the SS India from Melbourne to Dunedin. Operations commenced October 1861. Mr C Cole formed a partnership with brothers, Messrs Charles and Henry Hoyt, the following year, and the company sent for Mr Young around 1863. He was whip on the Tokomairiro line, travelling between Dunedin and Tokomairiro.

The successful coaching venture on Tokomairiro line enabled Mr Young to save money and start a staging line between Christchurch and Hokitika as the agent for Cobb and Co. He achieved this in partnership with fellow driver, Mr WH Shepard (also known as WH Shepperd). In time, they extended to the Wellington province.

In 1869, at the conclusion of the Titokowaru’s War, the partners started a bi-weekly service between Wellington and Whanganui. Mr Young ran the Wellington to Foxton Line, and Mr Shepard the Foxton to Whanganui Line. The partnership dissolved in March of 1871 by mutual consent, with Mr Young retaining the line between Wellington and Whanganui, and Mr Shepard taking the line from Whanganui to New Plymouth.

Mr and Mrs Young rented Flagstaff Cottage in Willis Street, Wellington, and moved in with their children: Selina Wilmot b.1862, William Andrew b.1865, James Frederick Robert b.1867 and John Henry b.1869. Albert Edward was born in February of 1872. In September of that year, architect, Ben Smith, sought tenders for the building of a two storey dwelling for Mr Andrew Young in upper Willis Street, opposite Union Bank. After moving into their home, the Young’s had three more children; Victoria May b.1875, Frank Wellington b.1877, and Ruby May b.1880. They moved to Ellice Street in 1893.

In October of 1871 Mr Shepard had a coaching accident while travelling along a beach near Patea. He was pulled from the cab box when a portion of harness broke, subsequently run over by the coach, and caught in the surf. Mrs Shepard, who was the sole passenger, managed to jump out of the coach and drag her husband from the sea. He died a few days later from his injuries. Mr Young continued the business over the whole line until able to purchase the interest of the late Mr Shepherd in 1872.

The Patea Mail, in December 1885, recounted that it was somewhere in the wilds of Otago, in 1872, that Mr Young and his coach famously faced off with visiting author, Mr Anthony Trollope and his carriage. With a cutting too narrow to pass, the author demanded that Mr Young cede the way. On refusal, Mr Trollope said:

“Sir, do you know who I am?”

Mr Young stated his ignorance and the author set him straight. Mr Young responded:

“Yes, I knew it was some fool or other like that. Well Mr Trollope, my name is Andrew Young, and I give you just one second more, and if you don’t start to back out of this cutting we’ll see your name on a tombstone as soon as your relations take the trouble to put it there.”

Mr Trollope backed out and, interestingly, did not include the incident in his book of travels.

Coaching in those days meant traversing incredibly rough terrain including unformed roads, beaches, and making river crossings by ferry. You can read more on ferry life in this Back Issues article by Val Burr. Sometimes passengers had to get out and push the coach!

Mr Young continued to expand his lines into the North Island. In 1877, knowing that trains would inevitably rise as the main mode of transport, Mr Young made arrangements with the Railways Department to offer trips with a combination of train and coach connections. Customers found they could now travel between Wellington and Napier in a day. In 1877 Mr Young sold his business to Messrs Hall and Henry. He then took overseas trips in 1878 and again in 1884, visiting the United Kingdom and United States. Mr Young was a shrewd businessman. Besides the coaching business, he purchased land in early Palmerston North and had holdings in Whanganui and Wellington. As a result, he retired comfortably.

He was prominent in Wellington municipal affairs as a councillor for both the Te Aro and Lambton Wards between 1880 and 1890. He was a mayoral candidate in 1881 and 1882, missing out in the vote. Mr Young was also involved in a number of community groups. He was First Lieutenant of the Wellington Guards, Vestryman of St. Peter’s parish, and a shareholder in the Te Aro Theatre and Opera House Company. As a keen sportsman and steward of the Wellington Racing Club, he owned and raced several horses. Mr Young was a member of Pacific Lodge of Freemasons until his death.

In 1882 he re-entered the business world, however this time it was unsuccessful. He lost a great deal of money on a line of coaches between Tauranga and Thames, when a road washed out. He unsuccessfully petitioned the Public Petitions Committee for compensation for loss of the mail contract in 1883. Within a decade this particular line was to flourish with the rising mining industry. In 1888 he backed his son, William, in an omnibus business (in opposition to the trams) in Wellington. This failed within two years. Mr A Young narrowly escaped bankruptcy due to negotiating an annulment in 1894.

In 1895 Mr Andrew Young became ill and was diagnosed with cancer of the gullet. He died on the 17th of September 1895, surrounded by his wife and children at their home in Ellice Street. He was interred in the Karori Cemetery.

History

In September of 1884, councillor Sutton motioned, and councillor George seconded, that plans be made for the construction of Andrew Young Street. The resolution passed. By November 1884, Mr RN Keeling, Town Clerk, was calling for contractor tenders.

The street was registered in 1885 and considered a private street, as were Bourke, Campbell, David, Domain and Lombard streets. As such, a loan was authorised to be raised in 1886 to form and metal Andrew Young Street. Allocation of monies was based on pro rata rates paid by the residents of the Ward.

D.P.451, sections 327, 328, 333, and 334 were subdivided in 1889, and Mr A Young started selling the sections and allotments.

It wasn't until 1900 that a drainage scheme was approved for Andrew Young Street. Sewers were laid five years later. By 1906 four sewer connections had been made to residences. Repairs to the composite joining the pipes had to be carried out in 1907, before all connections were completed in 1908. Tarred water tables were then constructed in 1909.

From 1905 the road and footpaths were top-dressed regularly with tar and sand, and in 1922 wooden kerbing was replaced with concrete kerbing and channelling. In 1926 Andrew Young Street was regraded and metalled. In the early to mid-1930s tar and bitumen were applied to the footpath and road down the length of the street.

In 1913 there was talk, initiated by a special committee appointed by the Borough Council, of changing the name from Andrew Young Street to Young Street. This never eventuated.

Early residents included

Mr Henry Mouldey, son of Moses and Eleanor Mouldey, was born in 1833 in Berkshire, England. He emigrated as a young man to Victoria, Australia.

Miss Ellen Stapleton was born in Tiperary, County Ireland. She emigrated with her parents to Victoria, Australia, in 1856, where she met Mr Mouldey. They married in 1859 and came to New Zealand, arriving at Port Lyttelton on the ship Cressy. The couple settled in North Canterbury and farmed there some 20 years. Mr Mouldey then became a bricklayer and owned a brick yard between Rangiora and Fernside.

They had nine children, Deborah Ellen b.1860 , Mary Ann b.1863, George Henry b.1864, Catherine Matilda b.1866, John Moses b.1869, William b. 1871, Henry Edwin b.1875, Ada Selina b.1873 and Minnie Frances b.1877.

The couple moved to Palmerston North in 1889, where Mr H Mouldey was first engaged as a building contractor. They became residents of Andrew Young Street that same year when Mr Mouldey purchased section 333, allotments 5 and 6, from Mr A Young.

From 1908 the couple ran Mouldey’s Variety Store in Andrew Young Street (see Early business, organisations and clubs included, below). Mrs Ellen Mouldey died in 1915, aged 79 years. Mr Henry W Mouldey died in 1919 at the age of 86 years.

Mr George Lynch Darby Goldfinch was born in 1822 County Dover, England. He emigrated to Sydney Australia, on the ship Steadfast in 1848. He stayed for a few months before travelling to Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand, on the ship Charles Forbes. In Wellington he worked as a wheelright. On Christmas day in 1850, Mr GLD Goldfinch married Miss Mary Futter.

Miss Mary Futter arrived in Wellington in 1842 on the ship, Lady Nugent.

After a few years in Wellington Mr and Mrs GLD Goldfinch went to the gold diggings in Bendigo, Victoria. After trying their luck for six months, they settled in Melbourne for three years where Mr GL Goldfinch worked again as a wheelright.

Mr and Mrs G Goldfinch returned to Wellington in 1856, taking up a farm at Judgeford, Pahautanui. They remained there for 20 odd years and had thirteen children: John Matthew b.1852, Alice b.1853, George James b.1856, Arthur b.1858, Adolph b.1859, Lucy b.1861, Annie b.1863, Ruth b.1864, Henry b.1867, Eva b.1869, Astella b.1870, Charles James b.1873 and Susan Elsie b.1872.

In 1884, the Goldfinch family moved to Taonui, near Feilding. Later that decade they moved to Palmerston North, taking up residence in Andrew Young Street in 1892. Mr Goldfinch was involved with Oddfellow’s and the Loyal Antipodean Lodge, he been a member of the latter since his Wellington days.

On Christmas Day in 1900 it was the couple’s jubilee wedding anniversary. They celebrated with 150 guests at the Foresters’ Hall. Approximate eighty attendees were family.

Mr George Lynch Darby Goldfinch died April 1904, at 82 years of age. He is interred at Terrace End Cemetery. Mrs Mary Goldfinch died July 1908, aged 77 years.

Mrs Elizabeth Alice Smith lived in Andrew Young Street from 1901. She was born in Johnsonville, Wellington, in 1846 to Mr and Mrs John Monk. They emigrated from London in 1841, arriving in Wellington in 1842. Their home was a hut in the bush and Mr J Monk worked as a shopkeeper, pit sawyer and farmer, respectively.

Miss Elizabeth Alice Monk lived in Wellington until 1863, when she married Mr Thomas Smith. They couple farmed on Mr T Smith’s family station on the East Coast in Wairarapa for seven years. Then resided in North Makara near Wellington for fifteen years. They had fourteen children: Martha Alice b.1867, John David b.1868, James Alfred b.1870, William Edward b.1871, Wallace Ernest b.1873, Thomas Francis Every b.1875, Jesse Herbert b.1877, Albert Arthur b.1879, Joseph Leonard b.1881, Henry Bertram b.1882, Walter Charles b.1884, Lillian May b.1886, Violet Grace b.1888 and Nellie Rose b.1891.

The Smith family moved to Tiritea (later known as Turitea) Palmerston North, in 1886, where they farmed a property. In 1889 they retired to Fitzherbert Avenue, Palmerston North, in order to provide easier access to education for their younger children. Mr Thomas Smith died in 1892 aged 49 yrs.

After a few years in Napier, Mrs Smith settled in Andrew Young Street in 1901. She remained there until her death, 1942, aged ninety-six years. Mrs Elizabeth Alice Smith is interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

In 1896, Mrs Eliza Clare (nee Osborne) purchased section 328 allotment 17 of Andrew Young Street. It is listed under her husband, Mr Samuel Charles Clare, from the following year. Mr SC Clare built a bakehouse there, A1 Bakery (later called Clare’s Bakehouse), which supplied his various businesses:

A1 Bakery, Dining and Refreshment Rooms, 1896 – 1901, Te Marae o Hine the Square next to the Bee Hive Store.
Clare’s, Cuba Street, 1899 – 1904 (residence before moving to Ferguson Street).
S Clare’s A1 Caterer and Confectioner, later Clare & Co., 1900 – 1908, Te Marae o Hine the Square.
His Lordship’s Larder, 1900 – 1901, Te Marae o Hine the Square next to United Farmers Co-operative Association.
Macpherson the Cash Grocer, renamed Messrs S Clare and Co., 1903 – 1904, Te Marae o Hine the Square next to Bennett and Co.
Cosmopolitan Dining Rooms, 1905 - 1908, Main Street.
Miss Grubb, renamed Clare’s, 1905 – 1908, Broad Street (later Broadway Avenue).
Youngson’s Dining Rooms, renamed Clare’s Dining Rooms, 1906 – 1908, Te Marae o Hine the Square.

In 1908 fire damaged the northern end of the bakehouse, and it was rebuilt. Messrs S Clare and Co., then sold the business to Mr WS Dustin and it was renamed Dustin’s Bakehouse. In November of 1909 a fire broke out at Dustin’s Bakehouse. Fortunately, they were insured and the business continued. Here is the frontage of Dustin’s circa. 1914-1918, on Main Street.

From the mid to late-1890s Mr and Mrs JP Jensen leased property in Andrew Young Street where they operated a coffee palace and boarding house. The location on the street is unknown. In addition, Mr John P Jensen met incoming trains and provided transport to the boarding house.

Mr and Mrs CA Peters moved from George to Andrew Young Street in 1904. They had purchased section 333 allotment 26 from Mrs Annie Kirk. A native of Palmerston North, Mr Charles Abel Peters married Miss Esther Adams in 1893. They had five children, Florence May b.1893, Charles Abel b.1895, George Hugh b.1898, Dorothy Allen b.1901 and Ernest Albert b.1906.

Mrs CA Peters opened a two-storeyed boarding house, of twenty-nine rooms in Andrew Young Street in 1904. It also housed Peters Coffee Palace. The family resided on the ground floor at the rear of the café, with approximately fifteen boarders upstairs. The boarding house was managed by Mr Ernest Albert Fearnley.

A fire occurred in February of 1906, damaging the boarding house and contents. In September of the same year Mrs Peters rebuilt, this time in brick, with fire escapes.

In 1908 Mr Charles Abel Peters died, aged 44 years. Later that year Mrs Peters married Mr EA Fearnley. The business name changed to Fearnley’s Coffee Palace and private hotel. Mr and Mrs E Fearnley purchased further allotments on section 333 over the next fifteen years.

Fearnley's was rebuilt and refurbished in 1924. The upper storey was extensively fire damaged in 1943, and the Fearnley's again rebuilt. Mrs Esther Fearnley died in 1954, aged 91 years and Mr Ernest Albert Fearnley died in 1955 aged 81 years.

After the couple’s deaths the hotel was owned by the Fearnley family estate. It finally closed in 1968, when sold to Mr DF Huggett. In its sixty-four years of operation, except for five years when the hotel was run by Mr Robinson, there was always a Peters or Fearnley at the helm. Mr T Fearnley, Mr EA Fearnley’s nephew, was proprietor at the time of closing. However, that was not the end of its story.

In 1989, Mr George Ionas purchased the building from the Palmerston North Power Board, who had used it as a training facility. In 2002, 21-25 Andrew Street was leased to Shepherd's Rest a non-profit charitable trust, as a home for the homeless. It could accommodate up to 58 people. Shepherd’s Rest represented multiple churches of multiple denominations and helped people overcome drug and alcohol addiction. In January of 2012 the trust had to give up the home due to financial constraints. The building that was once Fearnley's Hotel was demolished in March of 2012.

In 1905, the Palmerston North branch of the Young Mens’ Christian Association (YMCA) commenced with the acquisition of a property in Andrew Young Street. Founding members Mr TR Hodder, Mr H Tolley, Mr DW Low and Mr JE Vernon established clubrooms and a gymnasium. In collaboration with the YMCA, the Manawatū Camera Club attached a darkroom to the building. The gymnasium was the venue of a various lectures and public debates.

Mouldey’s Variety Store (later known as Variety Hall) was a second-hand dealership and variety store at 3 Andrew Young Street. Mr and Mrs Henry Mouldey, proprietors, advertised its wares from 1908 until his death in 1919. It was situated near Central Hotel.

In 1914, one of Palmerston North’s first motorised taxi cab businesses was established by Mr John Jarvie Gillies at 13 Andrew Young Street. Mr JJ Gillies had worked in the Manawatū saw-milling and dairy industries previously. He originally drove a cab that could accommodate five passengers, and by 1924 Mr J Gillies had a 7-seater Buick Limousine on offer. He lived in Andrew Young Street at several different addresses during this time and died at his wife, Elizabeth’s, boarding house at 22 Andrew Young Street on Christmas day of 1940, aged 74 years.

From 1917, Plumbers, Beattie and Proctor Ltd., were located on the corner Andrew Young and Cuba Streets. By 1930 their business had grown significantly, and a new business premises was built in Cuba Street.

Mr Fritz Holland a well-known pugilist, opened Fritz Holland’s Boxing school in the Variety Hall (formerly Mouldey's) opposite Fearnley’s Coffee Palace in July 1920. Thirty students originally signed up and by August the roll numbered fifty-seven. However, the school was short-lived, lasting less than a year. In time, Mr F Holland was to return to Palmerston North. In 1930 he opened a gymnasium for his boxing classes in the old Central Fire Station in Cuba Street.

Fortunately for boxing enthusiasts, Mr Jim “Kid” Harris, bantam-weight ex-champion of England, under the patronage of the Manawatū Boxing Association, re-opened the school of boxing, physical culture and massage in January 1921. By March, “Kid” Harris had indicated he was settling in Palmerston North permanently. He and his students feature frequently in the local sports news until 1926. In 1925 the boxing gymnasium re-opened in the Produce Hall of the Palmerston North Showgrounds.

Renumbering

The addresses on Andrew Young were renumbered in 1939. See p.16 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Domain Street, Name and History

Name: Domain

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

Henry Jackson's survey plan of 1872 shows a large gravel pit occupying the future Domain Street site, accessed by a branch tram line (see map sections 694-698). The pit was subsequently filled to enable railway extensions.

Scott’s plan in 1881 shows two acres of the railway yards reserved for a domain. Therefore, this street was intended as an access road to a domain which did not eventuate.

Domain Street was surveyed in 1881, D.P.228, sections 322 and 339, and was originally a private street.

The map is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923.

History

In August of 1884 at a Palmerston Borough Council meeting, councillor Gatton presented a petition from residents of Domain Street. It requested that the street be taken over by the council as the requirements of the Borough Engineer had been complied with. The petition was discussed at the following meeting. Councillor Hawkins opined that the residents should tidy and repair the street first. Councillor Larcomb confirmed that the street was in disrepair. Others, including councillor West, argued that the residents had been paying rates and should expect the council to maintain their street in return.

In September of 1884 a special meeting was held to pass a resolution that Domain become a public street. However, the matter was once again adjourned. The issue? The street was forty-feet wide and the Municipal Corporations Act, 1876, required public streets to be sixty-six feet wide.

This must have been resolved, as in November of 1884, Domain Street was included in the list of town streets to be metalled and formed. Street lamps, grading, a storm water outlet, sewer connections, and water tables were addressed from 1900 to 1910.

A reoccurring complaint was the state of the footpaths. As an access street directly across from the railway station, it became heavily congested (particularly on show days) and the footpaths suffered. They were regularly treated with tar and sand and received concrete curbing and channelling in 1925. It was also in 1925 that parking restrictions were made; a result of the narrow road. The tar-sealing of the street in April 1934 was welcome.

On June 21st, 1940, the Manawatū Standard reported on the 28th Māori Battalion leaving the city. Their final farewell parade left the Showgrounds, moved along Cuba Street, and marched up Domain Street to the railway station. Friends, whānau and members of the public accompanied and cheered the men on their way.

At the station hundreds of people had assembled to wish the soldiers well and watch them depart for Wellington to board troopships. The mood was quieter and more emotional. Tiger, the battalion mascot, was led up and down the platform, leaning his front paws on the window ledges of the train for final pets and farewells. You can read more about Tiger in this Back Issues article by Tracey Armstrong.

Early residents included

Mr John Lynch purchased a section allotment in Domain Street in 1883 and a house was in situ the following year. Mr J Lynch was born in County Cork Ireland in 1852 and emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1876, on the ship Inverness. He is listed as a farm labourer. On arrival he worked as a farm contractor and carpenter.

Mr John Lynch met and married a fellow immigrant, Miss Mary Hyam, in 1876, and in time they settled in the Manawatū district. The couple had eight children; Daniel b.1883, Thomas b.1886, Nora Lena b.1891, Kathleen Agnes b.1892, Mary Magdalene b.1894, John Jeremiah Patrick b.1894, Julia Bridget ‘Dolly’ b.1896, and Emily Theresa b.1898.

Mr Lynch successfully encouraged his brothers Daniel and Jeremiah, to join him in Aotearoa New Zealand. Mr Jeremiah Lynch lived with the family in Domain Street c. 1884 before moving and settling in Pohangina.

In 1887 Mr Lynch had sold the house in Domain Street and purchased a section allotment in Wood Street, at the edge of town. The house on this section was destroyed by fire the following year. By 1894 he purchased six acres of bushland on the corner of Featherston and Wood Streets and there the Lynch family made their home, initially farming in Linton and Tokomaru.

Mr Lynch retired in 1912 and moved into town. He died at 37 Grey Street, on the 3rd of March 1931, aged 79 years.

Mrs Hannah Hansen owned the property at 2 Domain Street from 1899 until her death, September 1923, aged 70 years. Mrs H Hansen was born in Ireland and emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand, c. 1867. She first lived in Dunedin and was married to Doctor CJ Allen. He died in 1880.

Mrs CJ Allen later met and married Mr Hansen and the couple came to reside in Palmerston North. Mr Hansen predeceased her by fifteen years. She was a fruiterer with a store in Te Marae o Hine the Square from 1899 and likely resided on premises while owning and letting several properties in the township. The store was located two down from the Bank of Australasia, on the corner of Te Marae o Hine the Square and Broad Street (later Broadway Avenue). In June 1912 the business was taken over by Mrs J Anderson, and Mrs Hansen retired to Domain Street.

Mr Johannes Hansen, also known as John, was resident of 10 Domain Street from 1922. Even though he wasn’t an early resident of the street, he was an early resident of the Manawatū. The Manawatū Standard reported that on 21 Nov 1930, Mr J Hansen attended the ‘Old Identities’ lunch, catering to “pioneers and settlers, city makers and nation builders.”

He died on the 1st of February 1939, in his 95th year, at 15 Domain Road (renumbered from 10) and was interred at the Kelvin Grove Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

In 1890, Palmerston North Methodists purchased two sections in Cuba Street and an adjoining section in Domain Street. A cottage on the Cuba Street section was moved to the Domain Street section as a residence for the minister. A small church was built on the corner section and services commenced in 1891. In August of 1910 a kindergarten was built at the rear of the church on Domain Street. The school, designed by AW Corslett, was capable of seating 150 children.

John Black, proprietor, built the Café de Paris Hotel in 1892 and it opened in 1893. He had previously been a railway contractor in the South Island and had worked on the Napier breakwater. It was in Napier that he met his wife, and the couple moved to Palmerston North. The unlicensed 22-bedroom hotel, situated on the corner of Main and Domain Streets, was ideally situated opposite the railway station. As such, it provided accommodation for boarders and travellers and a place to obtain refreshments for the latter.

The dining room, fitted with small tables, was sizable. On just one day of the A&P Show of 1893, over six hundred visitors had their luncheon in the establishment.

1893 proved an eventful year for Mr J Black. In June he was awarded a publican’s licence by the Palmerston Licensing Committee and was applauded by the public in attendance. In August, there was some excitement when a heavily disguised Whanganui Gaol escapee, George Harper, was arrested in the hotel. He had escaped from a hard-labour gang two months prior. When arrested the confidence trickster was in-the-act of trying to defraud Mr Black of money. In December, Mr W Hook of Timaru purchased the Café de Paris from Mr Black.

By February of 1895 the hotel had changed hands and was under the management of Mrs Susan Manson. Mrs Manson added further bedrooms, sitting rooms, billiard rooms and a dining room. The freehold and lease was purchased in April 1900 by the Ward Brewery Company who on-sold to Mr FJ Tasker. While the Café de Paris Hotel was in his hands, he added a billiard table and made alterations. In 1902, Mr Tasker added nine bedrooms and bathroom on the Domain Street frontage, and a balcony the full length of the building. Architect, Mr Ludolph Georg West, designed the plans.

In June of 1904, the Trasker’s sold the hotel to Mr E Woollright. In little over a year Mrs E Kennedy purchased Mr Wollright’s interest and disposed of it to Mrs Rebecca Tabor, who then transferred it to Mrs Mary Moynihan. Mrs Moynihan was licensee of Café de Paris until November 1906 when it was transferred to Mrs James Adams. She treated the hotel to a painting and refresh, with renovations being completed in June of 1908.

In September of 1912 the license was transferred to Mr John Smith Fletcher, who sold it to Mr Mark Dumbleton in January of 1916. Mr M Dumbleton renovated the hotel. Between December of 1920 to Feb of 1921 the hotel changed hands four times, from Mr Dumbleton to Mr Edmund Perkis to Mr Patrick John Purcell, to Mr Thomas Richards. Mr T Richards was well-known in trotting circles in Auckland and New Plymouth. Local newspapers show he was in trouble regularly for trading at Café de Paris outside of licensed hours. In 1923 an extension was built on the Domain Street frontage, with an opening to a courtyard.

In 1927 the license transferred between four owners, Mr Richards to Mr Henry Bodley, to Mr James Condy to Mr and Mrs F Jabez Bebbington. The Bebbington’s managed the Cafe de Paris Hotel for four years. In March of 1931, the new licensee was Mrs Florence Lucilla Mills. By June of 1935, Mrs ST Murphy was licensee, and in May of 1937 Mr William Charles Coldicutt took over the hotel. It continued to change hands throughout the years.

In 1963 the Main Street frontage was replaced.

The building was demolished in August of 2016 after significant fire damage eighteen months prior. Mr Gary Young was the owner. It had become an iconic bar in the 1980s, hosting live music from local and national acts.

Renumbering

The addresses on Domain Street were renumbered between 1936 and 1939. See p.86 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.