Local historians weekly "Back Issues" article in the Manawatū Standard. Life story of John Tiffin Stewart (1827-1913) town planner and government surveyor. He was responsible for the planning of Manawatū's towns in the 19th century, including the Palmerston North, Feilding, Rongotea and Halcombe town squares.

Born in Scotland, he moved to Foxton in 1864. He learnt to speak te reo Māori fluently and worked closely and respectfully with local iwi. In later years, he moved to Whanganui, where he was elected to the Borough Council.

Local historians weekly "Back Issues" article in the Manawatū Standard. The story of Cuba Street and surrounding streets from Palmerston North's early days. The street was on the original Palmerston town plan. Its commercial heyday was arguably in the first half of the 20th century, when it was predicted that it could rival Te Marae o Hine/The Square in importance. However, this importance did not endure and Cuba Street is now mostly used as the main route leading to the Showgrounds.

Taonui, Lombard and Campbell Streets are amongst the earlier streets settled in Palmerston North. Brian Mather, as a member of the Local History Study Group, gave a series of lectures to interested members. Later, his lecture notes on Taonui, Lombard and Campbell Streets were published, along with supplementary material provided by the Palmerston North Historical Society (the reformed Local History Study Group).

Typewritten list of the names of streets in Palmerston North and their origins, as in 1953. Includes some alterations and additions in the hand writing of A G S Bradfield. An amended version of this list was published in 'Forgotten Days' by Bradfield in 1956.

This rates register details the renumbering of street numbers in Palmerston North between 1936 and 1939. The register shows the street name, old number, owner of property and new number. The renumbering runs along the entirety of one side of the street, then the other, on an east-west and north-south axis. It also includes notes on specific properties and streets that were subsequently renumbered after the creation of the register, documenting changes made up until 1980.

Journalist Tina White's weekly "Memory Lane" article in the Manawatū Standard. The collection of shops and houses between St Mary's Church and number 89 Ruahine Street holds special memories for many citizens. In the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a dairy, a cakeshop, a coffee shop, a haberdashery, a butcher and a hairdresser on this block opposite the hospital.
Christopher's Hairstylists, owned by "Mr Christopher" Paskins occupied number 89 Ruahine Street for many years. Today, Georgies Wigs and Hair Design lease the front shop space, whilst the back is a residential home.

Journalist Tina White's weekly "Memory Lane" article in the Manawatū Standard. The 1926 land subdivision sale of RA McKenzie's Estate on Milson Line and the naming of Seaforth Avenue in a street naming competition.

Throughout Palmerston North there are numerous places named after ordinary New Zealanders who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country. The New Zealand Poppy Places Trust has been established to develop, promote, and oversee a nation-wide project to commemorate and recognise as part of the heritage of New Zealanders, the participation of New Zealand in military conflicts and military operational services overseas.

Name: Macpherson

Suburb, Kelvin Grove

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The grove is named to honour the contribution of the Macpherson family to commerce in Palmerston North. April 2018.

From the late 1890s, Macpherson family businesses have included: grocery, apparel, hospitality and a garden centre. The grove is adjacent to the former retail garden centre, Macphersons Bulk Bins.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

Mr David Macpherson was born in Londonderry, Northern Ireland c. 1855. He emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in October 1877 on the ship Oamaru. Disembarking at Bluff in January of 1878, he pursued business and community interests in Ashburton for 20 years.

In 1880 Mr D Macpherson married Miss Margaret Jane McNutt. Miss MJ McNutt emigrated with her parents to Aotearoa New Zealand c. 1877. She was 21 years of age. Her family settled in Drury, Waikato and she stayed there until her marriage. The couple had six children, Andrew David b.1881, John Norman b.1883, William Leslie b.1886, Joseph Alexander b.1890, Vida Rebecca b.1895 and Fanny Mary b.1904.

In the late 1890s the family came to Palmerston North. Mr D Macpherson managed a grocery department in the United Farmers Co-operative Association, before starting his own business. In 1901, Macpherson the Cash Grocer, opened in premises formerly occupied by Messrs R&E Tingey, next to Mr GH Bennett on the Square. He sold his store in October 1903 to Messrs S Clare and Co., to become secretary to the Licensed Victuallers’ Association.

In 1912 Mr D Macpherson purchased Mr E Anstis’ interest in the Princess Hotel, which provided public accommodation of fifteen rooms. He transferred the publican’s license to Mr Michael O’Reilly in 1914.

Mr D Macpherson remained secretary of the Licensed Victuallers’ Association until his retirement at Manawatū Heads, Foxton Beach, c. 1921.

Mr David Macpherson died May 1927 aged 72 years. Mrs Margaret Jane Macpherson died almost a year later, in April of 1928, aged 72.

Mr and Mrs D Macpherson’s son, Mr William Leslie Macpherson, married Miss Hilda Mary Godwin in 1908. They had four children, Irene Hilda b.1912, Leslie Norman James b.1914, Margaret Betty b.1915 and Lucy Mabel b.1920.

Mr WL Macpherson started out his professional career working for the Premier Drapery Company (PDC), which he left in 1915. He then took a position with Collinson & Cunninghame as Head of Department – Furnishings, and remained there for a decade.

In May 1925, Messers Donald & Macpherson bought out Garner’s on the Square. Mr RC Donald also had had ten-years’ experience at Messrs Collinson and Cunninghame. They sold clothes and Manchester.

One of Mr W Macpherson's sisters, Miss Vida or Miss Fanny, may have also been in the clothing business. From July of 1923 Tres Bon, millinery and lingerie, was advertised in local newspapers by Misses Macpherson and Randle. The store was located in the Union Buildings in Coleman Place. In January of 1924 the partnership was dissolved, and Miss Macpherson continued the business until June of 1924, when the closing down sale was advertised.

By August of 1932 Mr W Macpherson went out on his own, becoming an incorporated company. He opened a clothier and mercer store, WL Macpherson Ltd., at 4 Rangitikei Street (two doors down from the Bank of New Zealand). Within two years WL Macpherson Ltd., men’s outfitters, was relocated to 126 the Square, late Mr ED Wycherley’s premises next to McKenzies, where it operated for many years.

Macpherson's Menswear was sold to the Millers Group. It remained a registered company until 1987. Millers Fashion eventually moved into the Plaza, until closing in 2017.

Mr W Macpherson was also well-known for his commitment and service to education, like his father Mr D Macpherson, who was elected to the Ashburton School Committee in 1893 and served as chairman from 1896 to 1898. Mr W Macpherson served on the Terrace End School Committee for ten years from 1924. He became treasurer in 1926 and took over as chairman in 1933.

He was an Instructor in Salesmanship at the Palmerston North Technical College from 1929, and a staff member of the Commercial Department for some years following.

Mr W Macpherson was also involved in the Palmerston North Girls’ High School Parents Association in the 1930s. He served on the Intermediate School Committee from 1943 to 1944.

From the 1940s Mr W Macpherson was president of the Manawatu Wairarapa Drapers’, Clothiers’ and Boot Retailers’ Association. He was also vice-president of the Manawatu-Wairarapa Employers’ Association and president of the Palmerston North Retailer’s Association. It is in the latter role that this image appeared in the Manawatū Times of November 1944, and is accessed on Papers Past.

Mr William Leslie Macpherson died in June 1963 at 77 years of age. Mrs Hilda Mary Macpherson died a month later, aged 78.

Mr and Mrs WL Macpherson’s son, Mr Leslie Norman James Macpherson, married Miss Amy Adelaide Saunders in 1937. They they had four children, David William b.1937, Neal Ivan b.1943, Ruth Ellen b.1945 and Peter Leslie.

Mr Peter Leslie Macpherson was to return to the hospitality business first entered by his great grandfather, Mr D Macpherson, almost sixty years earlier. The Coachman Motel was built at 134, 136 and 138 Fitzherbert Avenue by PL Macpherson Holdings Ltd., in 1971.

In the Manawatū Standard, 2nd June 1984, Mr PL Macpherson announced the extension of the motel over the following twelve months, with a three storey 42-room hotel complex at 140, 142 and 144 Fitzherbert Avenue. Once completed, the strikingly stone-clad Coachman comprised 80 rooms with 220 beds, conference rooms, lecture rooms, a library, restaurant, lounge and bar, gymnasium, sauna, spa and swimming pools. The basement carpark could accommodate over 60 vehicles. The architect was Jack Canlon.

PL Macpherson Holdings Ltd., owned the hotel until 2006, when it was sold to Mr Brendan Hapeta, Mrs Leonie Hapeta and Mrs Ali McLean. At the present time it is in the hands of Distinction Hotels, who took ownership in 2018.

Mr and Mrs LNJ Macpherson’s son, Mr Peter Leslie Macpherson, was married to Mrs Cynthia Anne Macpherson. Mr Colin Peter Macpherson is their son, and he is married to Mrs Wendy Macpherson.

Mr CP Macpherson is a Palmerston North native, who attended Awatapu College in his youth.

Colin Macpherson’s Garden Centre was established at 261 Napier Road in 1993. It expanded into the retail trade in 1994 with the addition of a shop on site. The gift shop was updated in 2001. As well as the nursery, Mr C Macpherson specialised in bulk mixes such as vegetable or lawn mix. From 2020 this became the sole focus of the business, Macphersons Bulk Bins. Customers also commented on the excellent selection of succulents in the gift store.

Macphersons Bulk Bins closed in 2024. Combined with Colin Macpherson’s Garden Centre – a business endeavour of over thirty years.

The Macpherson family have been contributing to commerce and community in Palmerston North for over 125 years.

Name: Bourke

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

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In August 1969 it was reported in The Tribune, Central City Review, page 5, that Bourke Street, interchangeably called Burke Street, was named after roading contractor, Mr Bourke, who put the street through in 1875.

The image is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923 by HR Farquar, Civil Engineer and Licensed Surveyor.

Papers Past show that there was a Mr D Burke operating as a roading contractor in the Manawatū in the 1880s and 1890s.

History

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Deposited 24 March 1875, D.P.22 (the Cuba Street end) was subdivided in 1875. The sections were owned by Mr Arthur William Follett Halcombe, an early settler of Feilding, and the surveyor was Mr Thomas McKay Drummond. D.P.1195 was subdivided in 1901 and the sections owned by Mr Charles E Waldegrave.

In 1876, the Clausen brothers, Messrs Christian Nicolai and Johan Frederick, first laid eyes on Palmerston (later Palmerston North) as children of early Scandinavian settlers. They recalled the Bourke and Waldegrave street blocks being great paddocks of oat crops.

October 23, 1880, a special meeting of the Palmerston Borough Council was held to consider reports from the Reserves Committee and sub-committee. The latter presented a “Report of the Division of the Town.” This was a recommendation of general allocation of costs for street clearing and formation, based on the town map.

Councillor Coleman said he would have preferred a breakdown by street in which outlay was expected. His Worship, Mayor James Linton, could not see the necessity, as per the report all the town streets would either be cleared or formed. Councillor Coleman pointed out that there may be streets the sub-committee members were unaware of – Bourke and Campbell Streets for example. The sub-committee affirmed it was unaware of Bourke Street and hadn’t counted Campbell Street, a private street on a piece of land cut up by Mr AWF Halcombe, leading to a large paddock. Councillor Coleman asserted that the latter was on the map and residents on both contributed revenue to the town.

There was discussion around the concern that if the council were to take over and spend money on private streets, they would be springing up all over the place. Councillor Ferguson stated that if Campbell Street was on the map as a public street, then its development was in fact covered by the report. If not, the Council would not be justified in spending money on the street. The report was received and adopted.

In January of 1886 a loan was authorised for the forming and metalling of private streets. Monies were dispersed on a pro rata basis in each ward. Bourke Street, situated in the no.4 ward, was valued at £112 in April. In May of 1904 residents asked for the old portion of Bourke Street to be improved.

By September 1900 a drainage scheme was under consideration for the densely populated western end of town. This was followed in March of 1901 with a council proposal to raise a loan for drainage works. Residents in Bourke Street also had drainage in mind. In December 1902, residents petitioned the council to take over the newly formed portion of Bourke street, and extend water services.

However, by January 1907, Bourke Street did not have the requested services. The Sanitary Inspector’s strongly worded report, calling the street a cesspit bed, urged that drainage sewers be extended to Bourke Street immediately. In April 1907, the borough engineer was instructed to proceed with sewer works in Bourke Street, which was completed in May. By October 1908, all residences had been connected.

March, 1904, councillor Essex drew attention to overhanging trees and overgrown thorn hedges in Bourke Street. He highlighted the danger to pedestrians, especially unprotected eyes. The council decided to compel owners to cut back foliage as per by-laws. These by-laws were enforced again in January 1907.

In October of 1904 the arc lamp at the corner of Bourke and Cuba Streets was moved halfway down Bourke street on the west side. All lamps were changed to incandescent.

In 1907 footpaths were formed on both sides of Bourke Street, and in April 1909, tarring and sanding of the footpath on western side of the street was completed, with residents sharing the cost. In October 1914, the paths were treated with sanding and tarring on both sides. Residents were active in submitting petitions to ensure attention to the upkeep of their street.

In Jun 1926, plans were made to improve the surface of the roadway in Bourke Street. By November the full length of Bourke was treated with crushed pit metal. Eight years later, residents complained of dust from passing vehicles, and requested tar-sealing. Two years on, in 1936, the street was scarified, metalled, rolled and tar-sealed. A second tar-sealing was completed in March of 1939.

Early residents included

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Mr Ulisse “Louis” Carlo Francesco Giorgi (b.1870) and his brother, Mr Arturo “Arthur” Giorgi (b.1873) were born in Livorno, Italy. Their parents emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1874, and the family settled in Whanganui.

The brothers came to Palmerston North as young men. In 1896 Mr UCF Giorgi married Miss Alice Hill, a lifelong resident of a settler family. They had three children; Ida Anna b.1897, Dario Lanchoto b.1899 and Myrtle Alice b.1903.

Both Mr UC Giorgi and Mr A Giorgi purchased properties in Bourke Street in 1897.

Mr U Giorgi ran a hairdresser & tobacconist store in Te Marae o Hine the Square. Later he branched out into fishing tackle supply. He was prominent in the Palmerston North hockey scene, and was involved in whippet racing.

From 1900 to 1902, Mr A Giorgi served in the Remington’s Guides during the South African War. Those in the guides had to have a knowledge of Dutch and African languages, and supply their own mount.

On his return Mr A Giorgi went into partnership with Mr Maurice Millar, to establish the menswear firm of Millar & Giorgi in Te Marae o Hine the Square. They opened a Hastings branch of the same in December of 1905.

In October of 1904 Mr A Giorgi married Miss Beatrice Cecilia Humphreys. Miss BC Humphreys was born in 1878 in Waipawa, Hawkes Bay. The couple had three children; Norma b.1905, Ronald Victor b.1907 and Zenda Beatrice b.1909.

Mr A Giorgi, a keen sportsman, was also in the Volunteer Corps and a member of the Linton Rifle Club during the couple’s time in Palmerston North.

Mr and Mrs A Giorgi lived at 7b Bourke Street (owning the properties at no. 7) until 1918, when they moved to the Hawkes Bay to manage the Hastings branch.
Mr Arthur Giorgi died in Hastings in December 1940, aged 67 years. Mrs Beatrice Cecilia Giorgi died in Hastings in August of 1950, aged 71 years.

Mrs Alice Giorgi died, aged 36 years, in December 1913. Mr U Giorgi remarried in 1920 to Mrs Evangelina May Tremewan, nee O’Connell. The couple resided at 4 Kairanga Road.

Mr Ulisse “Lou” Carlo Francesco Giorgi died in May 1959, aged 89 years, and is interred at Terrace End Cemetery. Evangeline May Giorgi died in Whanganui in May of 1961, at the age of 81 years. She is interred at Aramoho Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

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Many short-term businesses, such as chimney sweeping, clairvoyant healing, eye specialist, landau cabs, and dressmaking, were operated from residents' homes. There was also a healthy trade in poultry.

Ward Bros., Painters and Paperhangers, operated from 22 Bourke Street from 1911 to 1919. At that stage the business had outgrown the site and they moved to a new premises in Cuba Street.

The Carow Ladies’ College, also known as Carow Girls Collegiate School, moved a number of times from its inception in 1891. From 1912 to 1914 the Carow School of music and painting ran at 47 Bourke Street. This was the residence of principal, Mrs Elizabeth von Blaramberg, and her husband Mr Cecil Augustus Victor Hortezzi de Cortando von Blaramberg.

From 1924 to 1928, Miss Ulu Hancock, provided tuition in elocution and dramatic art, from her parents’ house at 7b Bourke street. Her father, Mr Allen Hancock, was a motorcycle dealer. The property was sold in 1936. Miss Ulu Hancock then recommenced tuition in 1938 from 72 Bourke Street.

In 1929, the Boniface brothers, John and Amos, modernised their bakery and confectionery business (established 1916) with a purpose-built bakehouse near the corner of Cuba and Bourke Street. It had a frontage of 66 feet. Circa. 1936, the Boniface Brothers Bakery extended their business into Bourke Street, 70 feet, with the establishment of a small goods manufacturing department.

Renumbering

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The addresses on Bourke Street were renumbered in 1937. See p.34 and p.35 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Name: Te Hirawanui

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The drive is named in honour of Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna (c. 1808-1883). Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna was ariki (hereditary high chief) of the hapū (kinship group) Ngāti Mutuahi, Te Rangiaranaki and Ngāti Hauiti of Rangitāne. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna is variously associated with the Pā of Te Motu a Poutua, Raukawa, Mokomoko and Ruahine in Manawatū, and, Tahoraiti and Otawhao in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua (Tararua District).

Portrait of Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna held at Alexander Turnbull Library

He coordinated and signed the deed of sale of Te Ahu a Tūranga land block, in which Whakarongo is located. To learn more about Whakarongo, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana.

When his sister Whakarongo was abducted, he took her children Te Paea and Wirihana Kaimokopuna as whāngai (to foster and nurture) and raised them as his own.

The following history is told by Ngaruma (Ruma) Karaitiana, Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna’s great-great-grandson.

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna lived through tumultuous times in his later life, with the invasions lead by Te Rauparaha, and the first European contact in the Manawatū.

He is recorded as having fought in the battle at Waiorua, on Kāpiti Island in 1824, where an alliance of some nine iwi (extended kinship group) were defeated by Te Rauparaha’s forces. This led to Ngāti Toa and their allied iwi to fully establish themselves in the lower North Island.

Te Hirawanui was residing at Te Motu a Poutua and Raukawa at the time of early European contact. He is recorded as hosting the adventurer Jack Duff there in 1840, when he paddled up the Manawatū River from Foxton and through Te Āpiti (Manawatū Gorge). This visit was soon followed by Frederick Hunt, from the New Zealand Company, who was prospecting land sales around Foxton.

Te Hirawanui also hosted William Colenso in 1846, while living at Otawhao. It is believed that he may have been baptised on this visit and took the name Te Hirawanui Karaitiana.

In the 1850’s, land sales between government agents and iwi took place in the province, and there were a series of disputes around ownership between iwi and hapu.

In 1858 Te Hirawanui attended a hui of seven iwi hosted by Nepia Taratoa and Ihakara Tukumaru, debating the ownership of the Manawatū. This ended in Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Tehihi and Ngāti Makatere formally acknowledging Rangitāne as holding the mana of the Manawatū, specifically the block of land known as Te Ahu a Tūranga. Further, they recognised Te Hirawanui as the only rangatira of Rangitāne with the status to negotiate its long-term future.

Governor Thomas Gore Browne was keen to pursue a purchase of Te Ahu a Tūranga. Rangatira Nepia Taratoa urged Te Hirawanui to enter into negotiations with Donald McLean, the Land Purchase Commissioner, who had commenced purchase of the Rangitikei Block.

Te Ahu a Tūranga block extended from just north of present day Tokomaru to the head-waters of the Oroua River, bounded to the east by the Tararua and Ruahine Ranges, and to the west by the Oroua River to just above Feilding, then cutting a line just west of the Taonui Stream and across the Manawatū River.

McLean wanted to negotiate using a rough sketch of the block as a guide to the area under discussion. However, Te Hirawanui told the Crown agent that:

“... before the land could be sold that it must be surveyed all around the Boundaries and then paid for at the rate of 30/- per acre - that [the] land was of immense extent and that it should not be sold in the dark.”

Te Hirawanui understood that the Crown had already promised to have the land surveyed before sale.

Te Hirawanui having signalled the willingness to enter a sale agreement, once surveyed, met with surveyor John Tiffin Stewart in October 1858 and hosted him at Ruahine/Te Motu a Poutua Pā. Te Hirawanui took Stewart to the clearing called Papaiōea and recommended it as the site for a township. Te Hirawanui and Stewart had a friendly relationship and Te Hirawanui accompanied the survey party on many excursions.

The friendly relationship did not continue into the negotiations with Donald McLean. The relationship quickly became rancorous and Te Hirawanui was concerned about the outcomes for iwi in other concluded sale processes.

The Crown refused to negotiate a per acre price for the land, seeking instead to negotiate on a lump sum basis. Negotiations for the sale broke down by late 1859, after Te Hirawanui rejected Crown offers of first £5,000 and then £6,000 for the block.

In April 1862, the Governor authorised the superintendent of the Wellington Provincial Council to purchase land on behalf of the Crown. In 1863, the Crown resumed negotiations. Te Hirawanui’s son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, and Hoani Meihana Te Rangiotū joined Te Hirawanui to negotiate and, despite reservations, the deed of sale was signed on 23 July 1864, transferring approximately 250,000 acres to the Crown. More than 150 Rangitāne signed the deed.

The purchase price of £12,000 was paid to Rangitāne on 19 August 1864.

To learn more about the sale read these Back Issues articles, An anniversary with meaning for Manawatū by Toi Warbrick, and The trio who oversaw a momentous land sale by Virginia and Warren Warbrick.

Within Te Ahu a Tūranga block, the Ruahine pā site and surrounding land was excluded from the sale. The Ruahine pā was located directly across the Manawatū River from Te Motu o Poutoa. Te Hirawanui intended the Hokowhitu site to be reserved under the care of all Rangitāne. To learn more about the Ruahine Reserve, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana.

Also excluded from sale within Te Ahu a Tūranga block, was Parahaki Island. Approximately ten hectares, it is a significant tūpuna (ancestral) site for Rangitāne. To learn more about Parahaki Island, read this Back Issues article by Virginia and Warren Warbrick.

Te Hirawanui was later asked to negotiate in the sale of the Tapere nui a Whatonga block in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua/Wairarapa, also known as ‘Seventy Mile Bush’. However, soured by his experience, he refused and offered his son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, in his stead.

Wirihana’s battles with MacLean continued and are recorded in multiple letters from him to MacLean and to Parliament. However, in 1871 along with multiple kaumatua (including his cousins, Karaitiana Takamoana and Karaitiana Te Korou) Wirihana signed the deed of sale.

In 1878, when Christianity largely saw a more settled Aotearoa, and at the age of 70, Te Hirawanui set his energies on a different matter. In the early 1820s Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna’s sister, Whakarongo, was captured by Te Amio-Whenua expedition at Te Ruru Pā near Ngāwapūrua.

Whakarongo was a niece and whāngai of Te Aokautere. She was daughter of Te Aokautere’s sister, Koa, and her husband Pakahuruhuru (the great-grand-son of Rangiaranaki).

Te Aokautere raised her as whāngai at Te Kuripaka pā and is said to have doted on her. He was generally blamed for cultivating her feisty, independent nature. She was also noted as being a great beauty. Whakarongo is believed to have fought in battle alongside Te Aokautere and her brothers, Te Wharepuni and Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna, at least once.

Whakarongo and a party, including Tukere, her second husband, were returning to Manawatū from the battle at Te Horehore Pā in Takapau. Most of the pā in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua had been abandoned and the people retreated to Te Ahu Tūranga. It was believed that Tukere had been badly injured at Te Horehore and was unable to travel any further, so they made a stand at Te Ruru on the Manawatū river near Kumeroa and Ngāwapūrua.

A taua of Ngāti Kahungunu, allied to Ngāti Whatua and led by Puhara and Te Hapuku, ran them down. It is understood that Whakarongo fought in both battles (at Te Horehore and Te Ruru). Everyone in the group at Te Ruru were killed except a woman called Wiramina, and Whakarongo. Because of her rank, moko kauae and demeanor, Whakarongo was not killed, but captured, and taken to Kaipara where she married a chief of Te Uri-o-Hau branch of Ngāti Whatua and had another family.

And so, in the late 1870s, Te Hirawanui made an epic journey cross country to Kaipara and sucessfully negotiated for his sister's return.

He brought her back to Manawatū and she spent most of her remaining years at Raukawakawa Pā.

For someone with such a tumultuous life, Whakarongo lived to old age spending her last years at Tahoraiti Pā in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua being cared for by her son, Wirihana Kaimokopuna, and his wife Rora. She is buried at Tahoraiti urupā with her son.

Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna died in 1883 after living a somewhat reclusive and disillusioned lifestyle at Raukawakawa. The pā was noted at that time to be lightly occupied and being largely eroded by the Manawatū River.

Name: Oakley

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

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Oakley Street is named in honour of Mrs Sarah Oakley (1854-1938), nee Hanlon, one of the town's earliest residents and land owners.

The image is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923 by HR Farquar, Civil Engineer and Licensed Surveyor.

Mrs S Oakley's parents, Sarah and John Hanlon, emigrated from Warwickshire, England, in 1874 with their children Caroline, Sarah (then around 20 years old), Lawrence, Agnes and William; on the ship Euterpe. Mr John Hanlon is recorded as a mason on the passenger list. The family settled in Terrace End Palmerston North and Mr Hanlon took up work as a builder and mason.

Here their daughter, Miss Sarah Hanlon, met Mr Frederick Oakley, one of the first carpenters in Palmerston North. Mr F Oakley was born May 6 1846, in Walsall, England. He arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand with his parents in 1857, aboard the Indian Queen. He apprenticed into the building trade in Wellington, working for Mr Lockie.

After seven years’ experience he went to Foxton and built the first post office with Mr John Edmund Perrin. On moving to Palmerston North in May of 1871, he and Mr JE Perrin built the first store in the township – belonging to Mr George Mathew Snelson.

Later they partnered with Mr J Perrin's brother-in-law, carpenter and undertaker, Mr Frederick Meyrick. Advertising as carpenters, builders and undertakers, the firm Meyrick, Perrin and Oakley, built most of the early houses in Palmerston North.

A letter Mr J Hanlon wrote to the Manawatū Times was referenced, January 6th, 1877:

“… his daughter laid the “foundation brick” of the first brick cottage ever erected in Palmerston, on 28th December last.”

Mr Hanlon didn't actually specify which daughter.

Miss S Hanlon married Mr F Oakley on the 13th of June 1877, at Saint Patrick’s Church. In doing so they joined two of the earliest building families in Palmerston North.

The Oakley’s had nine children; Helen Agnes b.1878, Rachel Sarah b.1880, Mary Elizabeth Josephina b.1882, Frederick William John b.1884, Mabel Gertrude b.1886, Harold Sylvester b.1888, Francis Claud b.1891, Joseph Mary Francis Xavier b.1898 and Raymond Reginald Louis b.1895. They were predeceased by their youngest son, Raymond, in 1925.

The couple moved to 169 Church Street (later renumbered 457) in 1904, and remained there the rest of their lives. Mr Frederick Oakley died in December of 1930, aged 84 years, and Mrs Sarah Oakley died in July 1938, also aged 84 years. Both are interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

History

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Oakley Street, then unnamed, was drawn into James Mitchell’s plan of 1866. It was surveyed all the way through to Cuba Street. However, the location of the Palmerston North Showgrounds, decided in 1886, altered the earlier plan. Once Oakley Street was formed, it ran from Featherston Street and ended a short way into, and adjoining, sections 295 and 296 of the showgrounds.

Water services were extended to Oakley Street in 1904, and concrete stormwater culverts were completed in 1907. The laying of the main sewer was completed in 1909. In 1910, the Manawatu and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral Association (A&P) requested that water mains and a fire plug be added to eastern end of Oakley Street. This was a fire precaution, given its vicinity to the showgrounds. The Borough Council approved the plan, providing the Association paid the full cost. After the A&P Association explored options with the Fire Board, a four-inch water main was constructed in Oakley Street in 1911.

Around 1896 the A&P Association rented land from Mr Christensen on, what was then, allotments 1 and 2 of section 295, Oakley Street. This property, described as a sort of island territory in the A&P Association grounds, was successfully claimed by Mrs Catherine C Peters. The Supreme Court allowed that she was the widow of the original grantee, Mr Carl Peters. She was an absentee owner and the land was used intermittently for grazing. The A&P Association repeatedly tried to purchase or lease the Oakley Street land from Mrs Peters.

In 1920 the government authorised taking possession of the land for public purposes, under the Public Works Amendment Act, 1910, and clause 50 of the Reserves and Other Lands Disposal and Public Bodies Empowering Act, 1919. As a result, the A&P Association publicly gazetted their intention to acquire the land and made payment based on government valuation. In 1922 this move was nationally criticised and became known as the "Peters Case" when Mrs Peter's son protested the actions – over twelve months after the fact. A detailed overview was provided in the Dominion, volume 16, issue 62, 6 December 1922, page 7.

The sale was finalised in April of 1921 and the A&P Association asked the council to close that portion of Oakley Street; 800 links, being lots 2, 3, 4 and 5 of section 295 southwest Oakley Street, and 100 links on the northwest. A meeting of local electors was called to make the decision in March of 1922. The citizens voted in favour of increasing the A&P Association grounds via this method. A special order was passed by the council in April 1922 and that portion of Oakley Street was closed for A&P Association use.

In May of 1922, Oakley Street residents requested that the footpath be tarred, sanded, kerbed and channelled. They were prepared to pay half the expense. The work was approved in June and completed in November. A second request to have the gas main extended was referred to the Gas Committee and Engineer. By July 1924, residents requested the installation of an electric street lamp to replace the gas lamp recently removed. This was referred to Electric Committee.

In November of 1926 a petition was received from Oakley Street ratepayers highlighting the deteriorating condition of street. The council responded with tidying and improvements. In 1933 the footpaths were reconditioned and top-dressed with tar and sand.

Early residents included

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Mrs Thomasina Leigh, nee Collins, lived in Oakley Street from c. 1904. Miss Thomasina Collins was born in Cornwall, England, c. 1838. She came to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1874 on the ship Douglas, arriving in Wellington. Miss T Collins made Palmerston North her home, apart from three years spent in Marton.

Miss Collins had a daughter, Miss Elizabeth Catherine Collins, in 1879.

Mr John James Leigh was born in Somerset, England in 1820. He emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1876 with his wife, Mrs Rebecca Leigh, nee Hayward, and one of their sons. They arrived in 1877 on the ship Marlborough. Mr J Leigh is recorded as a lawyer on the passenger list. Mrs R Leigh died in 1884, at 65 years of age.

Miss Collins married Mr Leigh in 1885. They spent their married life in Palmerston North, where Mr Leigh was caretaker of the Palmerston North Cemetery. Mr John James Leigh died at 76 years of age in 1895.

Mrs Leigh took in boarders and ran livestock for sale from her property. Mrs Thomasina Leigh died in 1924, aged 86 years. She is interred with her husband at Terrace End Cemetery.

Mr and Mrs H Rowland lived in the Manawatū for many years. Mr Herbert Rowland was born in 1853, Worcestershire, England. He followed his older brother, Mr David Rowland, to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1877. His brother was an early settler of Tiakitahuna (also known as Jackey Town). Arriving on the ship Wairoa, Mr H Rowland is recorded as a platelayer on the passenger list.

He moved to the Manawatū and took up land in Pohangina.

Miss Mary Demler (alternatively, Damler and Dammler) was born in 1867 in Rheinland-Palatinate, Germany. She emigrated with her parents and siblings to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1875, on the ship Terpsichore. They arrived in Wellington in 1876.

Mr H Rowland and Miss M Demler married in 1885. They had six children; John b.1886, William Herbert b.1888, Mary Sarah b.1890, Mabel Maria b.1892, Arthur August b.1894 and Grace Eileen b.1906.

In 1889 Mr Rowland sold his Pohangina property to Mr Vallley Calleson, and purchased land from the estate of Mrs Mary Elizabeth Hughey, in Motuiti, Foxton. The family farmed this land until moving to Palmerston North in 1900.

Mr Herbert Rowland died at the family’s Oakley Street residence in September 1911. He was 59 years old and is interred at Terrace End Cemetery. After his death, Mrs Mary Rowland moved to Upper Hutt, where she resided until her death in March of 1963. She was 95 years of age, and is interred at Akatārawa Cemetery.

Mr and Mrs J Hansen lived in Oakley Street from the time of their marriage in 1905. Mr Jorgen Hansen was born in 1878, in Denmark, and Miss Laura Marie Jensen Frost in 1879. Both were immigrants to Aotearoa New Zealand from Scandinavia.

The couple had six children; Paul Carlos b.1906, Carlos Jonathan b.1908, Viggo Daniel b.1910, Axel Josva b.1911, Jens Jorgen Ezra b.1914 and Andreas Frost b.1916.

Mr Hansen sold gravel and dairy livestock, predominantly jersey cows, from their residence on Oakley Street.

Mrs Laura Marie Jensen Hansen died in July of 1943, aged 64 years, and is interred at the Terrace End Cemetery. Mr Jorgen Hansen died in August of 1951, at the age of 73, and is interred at Kelvin Grove Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

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Oakley was predominantly a residential street with some small businesses operating from homes. Mrs Leigh of 4 Oakley Street sold dairy livestock, for example, or Mr J Hansen of 12 Oakley Street sold gravel and dairy livestock. There was also a poultry farm at 6 Oakley Street.

There was a steady trade in the let and sale of property and renting of rooms. In 1905, Mr Ludolph Georg West designed two cottages for Mrs McCartney on the street.

Name: Three Paddock

Suburb, Fitzherbert

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From 1871, Sir James Prendergast owned a large holding directly across the Manawatū River from Palmerston North. The lane is named for the three paddocks, that comprised the homestead block of this Tiritea estate (later known asTuritea). Three Paddock Lane is a private right-of-way accessed off Springdale Grove. April 2019.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

In January 1900 Sir James Prendergast sold his Fitzherbert property at public auction. The autioneers were Messrs Abraham and Williams. This plan of the property was released to the public prior to sale. The orginal homestead block was on sections 186 and 209, and the auction information reads,

“Sections 209 & 186.–Together containing 129 acres 3 roods 25 perches, and fenced on three sides ; fronts a good metalled road, and contains the Manager’s cottage, stable, whare, and dip out-houses, with three small home paddocks, also shearers’ whare on the Southerh [sic] boundary, a small clump of shelter bush, and watered by the Turitea Stream.”

At the time of development in 2019, it was noted that the homestead garden was surrounded by an established macrocarpa hedge. Adjacent to the garden was the 'first paddock’, containing the outline of a barn. Next, was the enclosed ‘second paddock’, with the outline of a structure believed to be a whare for farm staff. Beyond the second paddock was the ‘third paddock’, which extended to, what is now, Springdale Grove.

Three Paddock Lane therefore runs from Springdale Grove to Barber’s Bush Reserve and is situated in the ‘third paddock’.

Name: David

Suburb, Palmerston North Central

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This street is believed to be named after Mr David Joseph Nathan (1858-1920), sometimes described as the father of the dairying industry. Mr DJ Nathan may have also been the road contractor who put it through in 1875. At the time he was working for his father, Mr Joseph Edward Nathan, who certainly responded to tenders for town road works in the 1870s. Mr JE Nathan, was one of the largest landowners in the Manawatū.

In February of 1883, a letter from Joseph Nathan and Co., the family business, was read at the Palmerston Borough Council meeting, requesting the forming of David Street, with a cheque for £25.

The image is a derivative of this Palmerston North Borough map from 1923 by HR Farquar, Civil Engineer and Licensed Surveyor.

Mr David Joseph Nathan was born in Wellington on 30th of August, 1858, where he spent his school years and attended Wellington College. The eldest son, he then joined his father’s business, Joseph Nathan and Company Ltd., managing the Ready Money Store in Te Marae o Hine the Square, Palmerston North. By 1883 Mr D Nathan was supervising the management of various branches of the family firm in the Manawatū district. He would eventually become managing director of the company and remain so until his death.

He married in 1886 to Miss Miriam ‘Minnie’ Jonas, daughter of Mr Hyam Jonas of London. They had four children together; Hilda Rebecca b.1888, Joseph Edward b.1889, Kathleen Madge b.1891 and Aileen Ida b.1895.

The first successful shipment of frozen meat from Aotearoa New Zealand to Britain was made aboard the sailing ship Dunedin in 1882. In the 1890s, advances in technology meant that ocean-going steamers had been fitted with refrigerating machinery. Mr Nathan could see the possibilities for trade.

He contacted owners of dairy cows in the region proposing they establish creameries and gave farmers a price to encourage production. Those who started creameries quickly gained success, but questioned Mr Nathan’s earnings in the enterprise. Mr Nathan offered to sell creameries at a reasonable rate of commission, his firm acting as the London agent, if the farmers would form co-operative companies. This was acceptable and The Ready Money Store became The United Farmers’ Co-operative Association Ltd in 1892. The co-operative dairy company movement spread throughout Aotearoa New Zealand.

Mrs Nathan died suddenly of peritonitis in May of 1897. The funeral was carried out in both Hebrew and English, as the Nathan’s were of Jewish faith. Mr Nathan was president of the congregation and president of the Jewish Socal Club.

In 1899 Mr Nathan re-married. His wife was Miss Cora Jonas, daughter of Mr Jonah Jonas of London. Together they had one child, Nell b.1904, and lived on a large estate in Wellington.

In 1903 in Wellington, Mr Nathan proposed a scheme for the consolidation of the frozen meat trade. He attended farmer’s meetings to discuss freight and generally encourage interest. Mr Nathan was passionate about the country’s commerce, and how Aotearoa New Zealand could capitalise on opportunities – especially in regard to flax, dairy and meat.

Mr Nathan also paid attention to local body matters in his home, the capital, and was a city councillor for three years. He was a member of the Harbour Board, steward of the Wellington Racing Club and director of the old Wellington-Manawatū Railway Company. Mr Nathan continued to speak publicly on world trade. As the president of the Wellington Chamber of Commerce, he advocated for preferential trade with Great Britain. He was also a one-time director of the Bank of New Zealand and directed or served on the boards of many other companies.

His links with Palmerston North and the Manawatū continued. As President of the Bowling Association in Wellington, he attended the Palmerston North Bowling Club’s opening ceremony in 1903 and was elected vice-president of the Manawatu and West Coast A&P Association in 1904.

It was also in the early 1900s that Mr Nathan submitted proposals to Manawatū dairy farmers for the establishment of factories to produce dried milk. Cheltenham, Makino, and Bunnythorpe responded with sufficient support to induce him to either purchase or establish plant and start the venture. Glaxo was to become the brand name for their baby milk and eventually evolved into the name of this business. Mr D Nathan was the first head of the Glaxo Manufacturing Company.

On 20th of March 1920, Mr Nathan died suddenly from an aneurism at a private hospital in Wellington. He was 62 years old. Mr Nathan is interred at the Karori cemetery.

His younger brother, Mr Frederick Joseph Nathan, became Managing Director and Chairman of Joseph Nathan & Co. Ltd. Mr FJ Nathan had settled in Palmerston North and was a borough councillor, 1911-1915, and mayor of the city 1923-1927.

History

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David Street was put through in 1875. D.P. 26, and formed in 1883. It was listed as a private street in 1885. After 1900 it appears to have been regarded as public, with the council laying service pipes and maintaining the road and footways.

In June 1901 Mr Axel Frederick Anderson made a request to the Borough Council that the footpath be asphalted. This was carried out in August. They were top-dressed with tar and sand in January of 1912 and again in October of 1914. Further treatment was applied in 1932.

In October of 1904, two arc lamps were removed.

In August of 1906 David Street had a direct connection to sewer, with all residences being connected by October 1908. There were some problems with the sewer in those early days, on one occasion it was blocked by a chunk of wood, and, on a second, by a man’s handkerchief.

In August of 1908 a plan was made to kerb the western side footway and open a channel to allow water to escape. This was followed by the construction of tarred water tables one year later. In June 1920, new kerbing and channelling was completed on the western side of the street, with the eastern side being done in October 1931 (when the western side was rechannelled).

David Street was scarified, metalled and rolled in by September of 1916. A decade later, in November of 1926, the street was re-metalled and sealed with bitumen.

Early residents included

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Early settlers, Mr and Mrs JE Magnusson, retired to 9 David Street. Mr Julius Emil Magnusson was born in Sweden in 1845 and emigrated to Australia c. 1870. During his time in Queensland he met Miss Jakobine Marie Anderson.

Miss JM Anderson was born in Larvig, Norway, in 1855. As a young woman she emigrated to Queensland, Australia, settling there for a few years. The couple married in August of 1878 and travelled to Aotearoa New Zealand.

They had four daughters and one son; Emlli Emillsen b.1879, Julia b.1881, Victoria b.1883, Oscar b.1894 and Amanda b.1898.

Arriving in Wellington, the Magnusson’s made their way to Palmerston North, then a village surrounded by bush. They purchased a section on the corner of Ferguson and Fitzherbert Streets (later Fitzherbert Avenue) and built a house. Mr JE Magnusson was a road contractor in those early days.

They then purchased a farm in Fitzherbert, and, on selling, purchased a farm on James Line, Stoney Creek (now Whakarongo). A further move was made to Stoney Creek Road, Bunnythorpe, before buying a lifestyle property on Boundary Road (later Tremaine Avenue). Here, Mr J Magnusson entered the carrying business.

Mr Julius Emil Magnusson died October 1935 at the age of 90 years. Mrs Jakobine Marie Magnusson died in May 1940, aged 84. Both are interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

Mr Axel Frederick Anderson was born in Oslo, Norway in 1867. He came to Aotearoa New Zealand with his parents Mr Nils and Mrs Anne Anderson in 1872.

Miss Clara Emma Hepworth was born in 1859 in Batley, Yorkshire. She travelled with her parents, Mr John and Mrs Sarah Hepworth, to Western Australia in 1875, where they worked on sheep farms. The family went back to England for eighteen months, then emigrated to Aotearoa New Zealand in 1882, on the ship Crusader. They landed in Lyttelton in 1883.

The Hepworth family came to Palmerston North in the early 1890s, where Miss CE Hepworth met Mr AF Anderson. The couple married in 1893. They had two children; Eileen Margherita b.1894 and Clara Victoria b.1901.

They made their home in Palmerston North, establishing the Anderson Private Hotel in David Street. The couple later owned the Temperance Hotel near the railway station and took over Central Hotel in Te Marae o Hine the Square, from 1902. This then became their residence. Central Hotel was relocated to the corner of Main and Andrew Young Streets in 1905. The Anderson Private Hotel was taken over by Mr Duncan Anderson in 1907, and Mr A Anderson transferred the license of the Central Hotel in 1909.

In 1910 the Anderson’s left the Manawatū to live in Stratford, Taranaki where they took up farming for six years. Mrs Anderson divided her time between Stratford and Palmerston North. From there the couple farmed further in Waipawa, Hawkes Bay. In 1920 they moved to the Te Puke district where Mr Anderson became a land agent. In 1922 the Anderson’s moved to Hawera, Taranaki, where Mr Anderson entered the wine business. Mrs Clara Emma Anderson died in 1926, aged 64 years.

Mr Anderson remarried in 1927 to Mrs Mary “Mollie” Christina Elizabeth Lloyd. In 1930 the couple moved to Auckland. Mr Anderson returned to Palmerston North with his wife in 1942.

Mr Axel Frederick Anderson died at his home, 109 Te Awe Awe Street (which he built in 1907), on March 31, 1945, at the age of 77 years. He is interred at Terrace End Cemetery.

Early business, organisations and clubs included

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The New Zealand Express Company Ltd, a cartage business, started its life in Palmerston North on the corner of Main and David Streets in the late-1880s. It moved to George Street in 1906.

The Railway Hotel, later known as the Old Railway Hotel, was built opposite the Railway Station on the corner of Main and David Street in 1892. Its proprietor was Mr Timothy O’Leary and the hotel had 24 guestrooms, besides those used exclusively by the owner’s family. He leased the hotel in 1897 to Mr Michael Hogan who, in turn, sold his interest to Mr Henry Border.

Mr T Young became the owner in 1901 (after Mr O'Leary's death) and on-sold the hotel to Mr David Roux Bouisson in 1902. On changing hands in 1903, the Railway Hotel was condemned as old, rotten and full of vermin. Its license was not regranted until the new owners took measures to cleanse the building. It is unsurprising therefore that the owners, Staples and Co., of Wellington, made plans to re-erect the hotel. The first Railway Hotel was replaced by this building in 1904-1905.

Anderson’s Private Hotel, on the left of this image, was established on David Street in 1893. The two-storey boarding house was gutted by fire in September of 1894 and rebuilt. Mr Axel Frederick Anderson, the proprietor, was active in seeking improvements in the street from the borough council. He made additions to his boarding house in 1900, from a plan designed by Mr Ludolph George West. The hotel was taken over by Mr Duncan Anderson in 1907. In January of 1908 local newspapers reported on an inmate of the hotel preparing a bath, only to find a 12-inch eel, the thickness of a finger, coming out of the water tap. In 1916 the hotel was taken over by Mrs A Trepo.

Other accommodation in the street between 1900 and the 1940s included JK Christensen Private Hotel, Wentworth Boarding House, and the Goldfern Boarding House. There were also a couple of billiard rooms.

David Street Stables at 8 David Street, this livery was operated by Mr John Jones from c. 1901 to 1908 when it was sold to Mr N Paulsen. He ran the business as a livery, general carrier and forwarding agent until 1917. Over that period its name changed from David Street Stables to Paulsen Stables to Railway Stables. Caleb Penman took over the Railway Stables in September 1917 and by 1921 the stables had passed into the hands of Messrs Peterson and Low. In April of 1930 they were the only remaining livery stables in Palmerston North.

In 1913 Frank Harris and Co. Ltd., moved their monumental yard to 12 David Street while in voluntary liquidation. The business was taken over by Messrs JW Fisher and Co., Sculptors and Monumental Masons in 1914. Here is an image of their business at 17 David Street (due to street renumbering) in 1997.

Renumbering

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The addresses on David Street were renumbered in 1939. See p.85 of the Rates Register of Street Numbers - Old and New.

Name: Tukere

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The crescent is named for Tukere, Whakarongo's second husband. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

To learn about Whakarongo, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana.

The following history is told by Ngaruma (Ruma) Karaitiana, Whakarongo’s great-great-grandson.

After the death of her first husband, Pokerekere, Whakarongo married Tukere. The couple lived at Te Motu a Poutoa and the Ruahine kāinga. To learn about the Ruahine kāinga, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana. They had two children, Te Paea and Wirihana Kaimokopuna.

In the early 1820s, Whakarongo and a party, including Tukere, were returning to Manawatū from the battle at Te Horehore Pā in Takapau.

Most of the pā in Tamaki nui-ā-Rua had been abandoned and the people retreated to Te Ahu Tūranga. It was believed that Tukere had been badly injured at Te Horehore and was unable to travel any further, so they made a stand at Te Ruru on the Manawatū River near Kumeroa and Ngāwapūrua.

A taua of Ngāti Kahungunu, allied to Ngāti Whatua and led by Puhara and Te Hapuku of Te Amio-Whenua expedition, ran them down. It is understood that Whakarongo fought in both battles, Te Horehore and Te Ruru. Everyone in the group at Te Ruru were killed except a woman called Wiramina, and Whakarongo.

Due to her rank, moko kauae and demeanor, Whakarongo was captured and taken to Kaipara. There she married a chief of Te Uri-o-Hau branch of Ngāti Whatua and had another family.

When Te Hirawanui Kaimokopuna learned of Tukere's death and his sister's abduction, he took their children, Te Paea and Wirihana Kaimokopuna, as whāngai (to foster and nuture) and raised them as his own.

Name: Te Ara o Kawai

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The street is named for Te Ara o Kawai, the first wife of Korongawhenuai. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

Korongawhenuai is a direct descendant of Te Rangiwhakaewa. The Paewai and Nireaha whānau whakapapa to Korongawhenuai. His second wife, Ngene, was the younger sister of Kawai.

Korongawhenuai is featured at the heart of one of the significant battles with Ngāti Apa.

Name: Te Ara o Waihuri

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The street is named for Te Ara o Waihuri. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

The Matai, Moea and Te Panau whānau whakapapa to Te Ara o Waihuri, who had two wives.

Name: Pokerekere

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The crescent is named for Pokerekere, Whakarongo's first husband. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

To learn about Whakarongo, read this Back Issues article by Karla Karaitiana.

The following history is told by Ngaruma (Ruma) Karaitiana, Whakarongo’s great-great-grandson.

Pokerekere's parents were Ratoaiterangi and Kaiwari. His father, Ratoaiterangi, was the son of important tipuna, Parakiore.

Whakarongo married Pokerekere and they lived at Te Wii pā. The couple had a son, Manukatahi. Sadly, it was a short alliance as Pokerekere died young. Manukatahi also died in early adulthood, leaving behind a daughter called Ngatii.

Whakarongo then married Tukere and lived at Te Motu a Poutoa and the Ruahine kāinga where she had another two children, Te Paea and Wirihana Kaimokopuna.

Name: Rangeview

Suburb, Whakarongo

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The drive is named to acknowledge and highlight the view of the Ruahine and Tararua Ranges from the development. February 2020.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).

Name: Piwakawaka

Suburb, Takaro

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The lane is named for piwakawaka, the fantail. A native bird of Aotearoa New Zealand. December 2022.

The aerial image is a derivative of the Palmerston North City Council online mapping Geographic Information System (GIS).